Zotero
When I first began to teach Information Literacy and Research Methods to university students 30 or so years ago, the creation of a bibliography was a daunting ordeal. I made my students learn the various citation styles, then format the references they’d found on their topic—books, journal articles, websites—into the correct style: APA. MLA, Turabian, Chicago, and others. Every citation had to be perfect: the order of its elements exactly right (author, title, publisher, year of publication, etc.) with absolutely accurate punctuation. Grading the students’ attempts was a grueling process. They hated those assignments. I hated them too.
Much changed over the intervening decades, as technology emerged into the academic world. Now there are many tools that format your citations for you: you just enter the information into the little boxes, and presto! A perfect bibliographic citation emerges in whichever style you’ve chosen. If you find an article in one of the databases, or a book in WorldCat, that source will generate a citation for you, in whichever style you want.
In recent years, an even better resource has entered our scholarly lives. It’s called Zotero. Zotero is a reference manager. It can store, manage, and cite bibliographic references, such as books and articles. Zotero serves as a powerful tool for collecting and organizing research information and sources.
Every item you find and want to include in your research results contains different metadata, depending on what type it is. Items can be everything from books, articles, and reports to web pages, artwork, films, letters, manuscripts, sound recordings, bills, cases, or statutes, among many others.
Zotero uses Citation Style Language (CSL) to properly format citations in any of the many different bibliographic styles, such as Chicago, MLA, APA, Turabian, and more. It’s even possible to generate footnotes automatically and insert them in the text, as well as to create an entire bibliography from the items you’ve selected to cite.
And—best of all—Zotero is absolutely free! Just go to https://www.zotero.org. and download it. I’ve also asked that this resource be included in the Library section of the GMU website.
I found Zotero’s learning curve to be a bit steep. I recommend that you read all the documentation carefully before you download; I also suggest watching any of the several available instructional videos on YouTube, prepared by librarians. Once you’ve mastered it, you’ll find that Zotero is definitely worth the effort!
Enjoy! And let me know how it goes.
~Judy Clarence, M.L.I.S., GMU Librarian
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