Oak wilt (Bretziella fagacearum) is a fungal pathogen killing thousands of oak trees in North American forests and woodlands each year. The fungus is able to spread from infected to healthy trees by underground roots as well as two groups of insects, sap and bark-feeding beetles.
Oak wilt is highly susceptible in all species of red oak species, including the northern red oak (Quercus rubra), northern pin oak (Quercus ellipoidalis), and the Spanish oak (Quercus falcata). Fungal mats found on infected trees are transferred to the beetles' bodies while feeding and then carried to other trees. Once a tree is infected, the disease can progress rapidly, with some trees dying within a year. According to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, oak trees are most vulnerable from the beginning of April to the end of July and that ideally, they should not be pruned until after November when the beetles are less active.
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