Cannabis and municipal utilities
On August 1, 2023, it will become legal for adults aged 21 or older to grow, possess, transport, gift to another eligible adult, and use cannabis and its related products. Interestingly, it will not be legal to sell cannabis in Minnesota until the state’s cannabis office is open and has adopted a licensing process for sellers, something that will likely not occur until possibly early in 2025. How a person obtains his or her cannabis, however, is a matter for law enforcement agencies and not municipal utilities.
The issue of where a person can legally consume cannabis products is primarily not an issue for municipal utilities either, but instead is an issue for the city council to decide. However, because of the complexities surrounding where cannabis can and cannot be used, a municipal utility should talk to the city council about specific issues related to the utility.
For example, while most experts seem to agree that no one has the right to consume cannabis at work, it would be a good idea for any updated worksite policies and employee handbooks to expressly include a prohibition on cannabis use in or on utility-owned buildings, facilities, or property. The statute does prohibit use of cannabis in or on any location where smoking is prohibited by state or federal clean air acts.
Many cities are considering adoption of a moratorium on the use of cannabis in public places, thus giving the city up to one year to determine the best path forward for their communities relating to cannabis use in areas under the control of the city. The moratorium would not apply to use in private homes, curtilage, or yards, nor would it apply to private property not generally open to the public. Private property owners may prohibit use in or on their property, but they are required to notify tenants and users of that.
The biggest area of concern to municipal utilities is probably related to employment matters. Under the new law, no employer can specifically test for cannabis use (THC levels) as a condition of employment or discipline unless they are required to do so by some other applicable state or federal mandate. Issues related to commercial drivers’ licenses would be an example where testing is required in certain circumstances.
While the mere presence of THC in someone’s system is not generally grounds for termination or discipline under the new law, impairment remains valid grounds for taking disciplinary action. The challenge is determining whether the employee is truly impaired. Detailed findings should be recorded regarding what behavior led to the suspicion and conclusion of impairment. A municipal utility may want to consider talking with the city’s human resource leader and/or city attorney to help clarify how to watch for and act on perceived impairment in a manner consistent with the new law.
Watch future issues of The Digest and The Resource for further updates on Minnesota’s new cannabis statute and its rollout.
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