What is the chiddush of R’ Akiva Eiger regarding one who omits Mashiv Haruach on Friday night?

If one did not say Morid Hageshem in the winter, one must go back and incorporate it into the brocha or repeat the entire Shemoneh Esrei. This halacha applies to Shacharis, Minchah, Musaf and Ma’ariv on both Shabbos and weekdays. However, it is well-known that R’ Akiva Eiger presented a novel idea on this subject. He argued that if a person omits Morid Hageshem during Ma’ariv on Friday night, he is yotzei and it is not necessary to repeat the brocha. He explains that there are Achronim who hold that one is yotzei even if he only davens Brocha Achas M’ein Sheva on Friday night. Since Mashiv Haruach was never incorporated into Brocha Achas M’ein Sheva, it can be deduced that Mashiv Haruach was not an integral part of davening on Friday night. The poskim disagree about whether a similar concept can be applied when a person omits Ya’aleh V’yavo during the Friday night davening on Shabbos Chol Hamoed. In that case, too, Ya’aleh V’yavo was not incorporated into Brocha Achas M’ein Sheva, and an assumption can be made that it is not an integral part of Shemoneh Esrei.

סי' קי"ד ס"ה ביה"ל ד"ה מחזירין ביאורים ומוספים דרשו 26

Can Mashiv Haruach be added at any point in the brocha? 

A person who omitted Mashiv Haruach and said either the first word of the next brocha or (if he was the chazan) the first word of Kedusha must go back to the beginning of Shemoneh Esrei. If, however, he realized his omission while he was still in the middle of the brocha, he should say Mashiv Haruach wherever he is in the brocha and continue onward. If he only realized once he said vene’eman ata l’hachayos meisim, he should say Mashiv Haruach and repeat vene’eman. If he remembered in the middle of a concept (e.g. between umekayem emunoso and liysheinei afar), he should complete the concept and then say Mashiv Haruach. 

ס"ו ס"ק כ"ח-ל' ביה"ל במקום

Can an omission be rectified after the brocha is completed?

If one only realized his omission right after he completed the brocha (or said the Shem Hashem) but he did not continue further, the Rishonim disagree about whether he may say Mashiv Haruach at that point or whether he must go back. This disagreement also applies in the case of one who remembers that he omitted Ya’aleh V’yavo immediately after finishing the brocha of Retzei. Likewise, it applies when one realizes that he missed V’sein Tal U’matar immediately after finishing Birchas Hashanim. Shulchon Aruch rules that one may say Mashiv Haruach at that point. Many Achronim take issue with this ruling, however. Although Mishnah Berurah abides by the ruling of the Shulchon Aruch, he incorporates two halochos in deference to the other opinion: 1) If one realized his omission immediately after saying Hashem’s name, he should say lamdeini chukecha, go back to the addition of Mashiv Haruach (or any other addition which he omitted) and continue with mechalkel chaim through the end of the brocha. 2) In the case of V’sein Tal Umatar, he should continue onward and add it during Shema Koleinu.

ס"ו ס"ק ל"ב ביה"ל ד"ה בלא

• A person who lives in a village without a minyan should wait until the end of the morning (before chatzos) to say Musaf with Mashiv Haruach. At that point, he can assume that the tzibur has already said Mashiv Haruach.

• A follower of the minhag Ashkenaz who is davening by himself on the first day of Pesach should daven Musaf as early as possible (i.e. before the chazan stops saying Mashiv Haruach) and say Mashiv Haruach. In contrast, a person who keeps minhag Sefard should daven Musaf later than the tzibur so he can say Morid Hatal after the chazan has already said it.



• Geshem in the wrong season is not beneficial for the world. Therefore, mentioning it at the wrong time can affect the validity of one’s Shemoneh Esrei. 

• At what point can it be assumed that a person davened correctly?

• Do the first two days of Pesach count as part of the thirty days of not saying V’Sein Tal Umatar?

• Can one be certain that he said the right nusach even before thirty days have passed?