It is An Art Form of the Imagination
Part of the beauty of penjing as an art form is that it is an evolving form of expression due to the ways particular artists will experiment. Artists might cut and reshape rocks to embody mountains, as in the sculptures above.
On the left is a mountain shape that has taken the form of a robed man. The face has been suggested. And a temple placed on top - like a hat.
On the right is a mountain made of brick and mortar that somewhat resembles and reflects the shape of the first robed man.
Regardless of how the art form changes in its technical definition, the art aims, as always with Penjing, at seeing the big in the small.
We just have to use our imagination!!