Updates in Pediatrics
Editor: Jack Wolfsdorf, MD, FAAP

header with photos of various children
August 17, 2022 | Volume 13 | Issue 33
Altered neuroflexibility in children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
“ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood (3-5% of children) and is often characterized by altered executive functioning” (skills to focus, plan, prioritize, work towards goals, self-regulating behaviors and emotions, adapt to new and unexpected situations and engage in abstract thinking and planning. These functions supervise and coordinate many cognitive, behavioral and emotional tasks). Executive functioning requires brain region networks to dynamically connect and integrate neurofunction (functional connectivity) in real time.

A study of 180 children with ADHD (compared to a matched normally developing control group) utilized resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify alterations in dynamic brain reconfiguration (MR derived neural flexibility) in children with ADHD.

Children with ADHD have significantly decreased neuroflexibility which can be demonstrated to improve on medication. Neuroflexibility may be used to identify children with ADHD to monitor treatment response and disease severity.
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