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Recognizing a phone scam
Anatomy of a scam
Regardless of whether the scams are targeted or random, they almost always have the same makeup:
- a distracting hook: Scammers don’t want you to think about whether the details make sense, so they use a hook to play on your emotions: greed, fear, love.
- a con artist who seems trustworthy: They pretend to be a relative, a government official, or an expert of some kind, someone who knows something you need.
- a deadline: You must act now! If not, bad things will happen or you’ll lose out on a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.
How it works
A caller may claim:
- to be from a government agency and that you will be arrested or deported unless you comply
- you’ve won a sweepstakes, but you must pay the taxes up front
- to be your grandchild in trouble and needs you to help them out
- to be holding a loved one hostage or to have incriminating information about you
The caller demands that money be sent to them in an untraceable way: through gift cards and prepaid debit cards or wire services. If you don’t comply within a narrow amount of time, bad things will happen: you will be arrested, your loved one will be hurt, or you can be deported.
Sometimes callers are also interested in your personal and financial information. They may claim to need your Social Security, banking, or green card numbers in order to directly deposit money or to verify your identity. This is always an attempt to steal your identity.
How to stay safe
Never give your personal or financial information to someone who calls you. Think of the phone as a “one-way street:” Only give out personal information if you made the call. Be sure to independently verify that the phone number is legitimate.
Don’t engage the caller. Scammers can manipulate caller ID so that it appears to be an “official” call or a call from your city or town. Only answer calls when you recognize the number. If you do answer, just hang up if it seems like a scam. Consider using a call blocking app such as Nomorobo.
Government agencies usually reach out to you in writing. A government agency will not call you and threaten your arrest or demand payment.
Remember, a demand by a stranger for payment through wire services or gift cards is a sure sign that it’s a scam.
What if you don’t know?
If you are concerned that the call is legitimate, try to verify the information independently:
- If a loved one is threatened, call that relative at the numbers you know,
- Look up the official contact information for government agencies to verify the caller’s information. Don’t use the numbers they provide.
- Remember, strangers asking for your personal information, and asking for money to be wired or provided through gift cards or cash, will always be a scam.
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