Newsletter of the
Structural Engineers Association of Washington
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State Leadership
President
Darrell Staaleson (SE)
Vice President
Jim Farley (SW)
Treasurer
Theodore E. Smith (SE)
Secretary
Matt Leslie (SC)
Past President
Siri Ashworth (SE)
Trustees
In the Issue
- Seattle Chapter Meeting
- SEAW SW Chapter October Dinner Meeting
- September Dinner Meeting Recap
- “Standard of Care” and the Practice of Structural Engineering
- Gary Beckner Celebrates 41 Years at PCS Structural Solutions
- Interview with John H. Clark
- Become a Post-Disaster Building Safety Evaluator – Nov 13, 2019
- Join the Great Washington ShakeOut!
- Caution: Manufacturer’s catalog and website data may not be consistent with the testing data
- SEFW Fall Forum features CTBUH, discusses global development
- YMG Corner
- State and Chapter Committee Reports
- Employment Opportunities
- Membership Postings
- Upcoming Events
- From the Editor
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Seattle Chapter
Meeting
“Sculpture on a Grand Scale: the Life and Work
of Jack Christiansen"
Sponsored by Peikko USA
Details:
Date
: Tuesday, October
22
, 2019
Time
: 5:00 - 8:15 PM
Location:
Hotel Monaco
1101 Fourth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101
Registration Fees:
Early Bird Members - $40*
Non-Members, & Guests - $50*
Early Bird YMG - $30*
Students - $15
*Early bird rate ends October 18, 2019. YMG rate applies to Engineers under 35 for both members and non-members.
Agenda:
5:00 - 6:00 pm Registration/Networking
6:00 - 6:30 pm Dinner
6:50 - 7:00 pm Welcome/Announcements
7:00 - 8:15 pm Program
TECH TALK
Presented by
Peikko
- A New Generation of Noncombustible Composite Slim Floor Structure
This revolutionary new system allows designers to leverage the benefits of both steel and concrete to offer a completely exposed structure, requiring no fireproofing, while providing up to a 4-hour fire rating, a substantially reduced depth of floor assemblies and minimum installation labor. This presentation will include an overview of the Peikko system that allows the use of multiple slab options, such as Hollowcore, long span metal deck and CLT. ICC approved - ESR-4341
Speaker: Mo Paz
Mo was born and raised in Yakima, WA and is fluent in English, Spanish and American Sign Language. He has a demonstrated history of working in the construction industry for over 20 years and is an expert in the field of innovative building solutions. Mo has spent his career providing solutions to developers, architects and structural engineers by delivering cost-effective alternative approaches to projects with expedited schedules and unique requirements.
Program:
John V. “Jack" Christiansen (1927-2017) was an innovative structural engineer and significant contributor to the modernist architecture and engineering of the Pacific Northwest. His work in thin shell concrete reached new levels of material efficiency, long span capability and architectural expression, vaulting him into the pantheon of global shell designers like Felix Candela and Heinz Isler. Inspired by Northwest topography and drawn to the region’s mountains and natural landscapes, Christiansen employed hyperbolic paraboloid forms, barrel-vaulted structures, and efficient modular construction to echo and complement the forms he loved in nature. Christiansen designed more than a hundred projects in the region: public schools and gymnasiums, sculptural church spaces, many of the Seattle Center’s 1962 World’s Fair buildings, and most notably, the iconic Seattle Kingdome.
Speaker:
Tyler S. Sprague, P.E., Ph.D., LEED AP
Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture
Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Tyler S. Sprague is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Architecture at the University of Washington, with an adjunct appointment in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. He is the author of
Sculpture on a Grand Scale: Jack Christiansen’s Thin Shell Modernism
, published in 2019 by the University of Washington Press.
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SEAW SW Chapter October Dinner Meeting
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SEAW SW Chapter October Dinner Meeting &
Concrete Technology Tour
This month’s SEAW Southwest Chapter meeting is Wed, October 16 at
Concrete Technology
in Tacoma.
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A tour of Concrete Technology’s production facility will start at 3:00 pm. Please be prepared for the weather, boots are required, and ear protection is recommended. All other safety equipment will be provided by Concrete Technology.
We will meet at the classroom building, and parking is available north of the big red crane next to the office. After the tour, dinner and a technical presentation will be provided by Cameron West, PE and Jim Parkins, PE of Concrete Technology.
The tour and dinner presentation are free for students and SEAW Members
, with thanks to Concrete Technology for hosting and sponsoring the event. And thank you to Monte Smith, PE, SE for helping to organize the event.
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More information about the presenters and about Concrete Technology is provided below.
Cameron West, P.E. is the Chief Engineer for Concrete Technology Corporation (CTC). He has 15 years of experience in the design, manufacture, and quality control of precast/prestressed concrete products. Cameron was instrumental in CTC’s development and implementation of SCC and lightweight concrete mixtures for numerous agencies and owners. He is a member of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) Committees on Concrete Materials Technology and the PCI Design Handbook.
Jim Parkins, P.E. is Director of Marketing for CTC. In his first three years at CTC he was a project manager for bridge and commercial products. For the past 16 years, Jim’s role has been development, estimation and contracting for marine construction and Sound Transit aerial guideway products. Jim has recently been involved with marine structures at Pier 4 Tacoma, Terminal 5 Seattle and Colman Dock, as well as Sound Transit guideways for the East, Lynnwood, Federal Way and Redmond links.
CTC was established in 1951 as one of the first dedicated prestressed concrete manufacturing facilities in the nation. Precast/prestressed concrete products are a material of choice for thousands of bridge, marine, floating structure and building projects throughout the Puget Sound. The evening will include both a presentation and a facility tour.
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September Dinner Meeting Recap
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By Shivang Gupta
This month’s dinner presentation started with Bryce Hodgson from Bracelok discussing their ICC-approved solutions for bracing suspended ceilings, interior partitions and partial-height walls in seismic zones. This was followed by messages from SEAW President Michael Bramhall, Past President Darrell Staaleson and Equilibrium editor John Gunn.
Both Darrell and John highlighted the key learnings from the SEA NW Conference which happened on Aug 15-17, 2019 in Oregon. The conference was focused on the recent code changes in ASCE 7-16 and ASCE 41. Darrell talked about the revised wind loading areas on roofs based on new data. John discussed the changes in the seismic provisions, such as the new requirements for site-specific studies. The NW conference is an opportunity to meet engineers from all four chapters of Washington state, the Oregon SEA, the Idaho SEA, the Montana SEA, and the British Columbia SEA.
SEAW committees are a great way to get engaged in SEAW, connect with your peers, and learn about the latest changes in the profession. More information about upcoming events and seminars can now be found on SEAW’s LinkedIn page -
https://tinyurl.com/y6jj6vc8
.
The main presentation was about the Engineering Standard of Care, presented by Matthew Copus, CIC CRM (Hall & Company) and Tom Owens, JD (Mendel Owens). Hall and Company is a provider of professional liability insurance and Mendel Owens is a Seattle law firm representing design professionals. Unfortunately, there is no discussion on this topic in the code and engineers typically do not have much information about it. Both Matthew and Tom were brilliant in explaining the nuances in engineers’ contractual and professional obligations. Tom emphasized the narrow bandwidth an engineer has while negotiating contracts with owners or architects. He also discussed the negative consequences of inserting adjectives like “highest”, “best”, “superior”, and “national firm”, which may indicate a higher standard of care. Sometimes the phrase “the highest standard of care” is used, but it is undefinable. Engineers should be cautious of such words while reading through standard of care clauses. Tom went through some standard of care example clauses which reinforced the idea of removing ambiguity which could cause a legal issue later. To close the presentation, Matthew touched upon the definitions of Insurance Policy and Breach of Professional Duty.
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Tom Owens, JD explaining what the standard of care is NOT
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“Standard of Care” and the Practice of Structural Engineering
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By John G Tawresey, KPFF Consulting Engineer, Retired
I am not a lawyer. Nevertheless, having managed the defense of many claims, I have experience dealing with the definition and interpretation of the standard of care, which has taught me that the attorney definition, often repeated, is of little value to the everyday practice of structural engineering.
The understanding of the “standard of care” begins when a client or third party sues your company. A lawsuit is initiated through a summons and triggered by a complaint.
A summons is a court instrument issued by the court clerk and served with the complaint. The summons means you must respond. The complaint is the original pleading by the plaintiff when a case is initiated. It notifies you that a civil action, not a criminal action, has been commenced. Prepared by lawyers employed by your client or perhaps a third-party, the complaint alleges monetary damages resulting from your professional services. They are not thinking of putting you in jail; they are seeking compensatory damages for the alleged failure to meet the standard of care.
Complaints almost always contain two allegations of wrongdoing: breach of contract and negligence. The breach of contract allegation is separate from the negligence allegation (unless you promised to meet or exceed the standard of care in your contract - a very bad idea). The allegation of negligence asserts that you did not meet the standard of care, and therefore you must pay the specified damages.
The outcome may be an agreed-to settlement or the suit may go to court. Either way, by the end of the process you will likely understand the definition and meaning of the “standard of care” as applied to the particular circumstances of this particular project.
The conventional definition of the standard of care, used repeatedly by counsel, is:
“the ordinary and reasonable care usually exercised by one in that profession, on the same type of project, at the same time and in the same place, under similar circumstances and conditions”.
As is obvious upon a first reading, this definition is quite broad and imprecise, providing little information and even less guidance on how to determine and then how to meet the standard of care. As professional engineers, we have some guidance through our participation in SEAW, NCSEA and ASCE, but that guidance is limited by the uniqueness of each project as well as the impossibility of sharing and discussing each engineering decision with colleagues. Discussions within firms, each with its own technical culture, are necessary and helpful, but generally the testimony by those within the sued firm is not considered a viable baseline for “
ordinary and reasonable care”, due to conflict of interest.
In addition, the term “
same type of project” is subject to many interpretations. Furthermore, if literally interpreted, “
at the same time and in the same place” is not physically possible, and almost never do two projects reflect “
similar circumstances and conditions” – each is unique.
After the summons and complaint are received and the case is underway, the standard of care will be decided and defined by presentation and sifting through expert testimony during the subsequent judicial process. This process varies from state to state, project to project, situation to situation and, most importantly, by the effectiveness of the experts’ arguments. The outcomes are unpredictable unless an obvious error or omission has occurred, such as a clear violation of the building code.
Since the standard of care determination is unpredictable, what is our best strategy for the prevention of litigation? One answer is to avoid a claim in the first place. Claims can be avoided by meeting expectations - the expectations of the client, the contractor and society.
Another strategy is to become better engineers. We can become better engineers by sharing with other engineers the lessons learned from the claims we ourselves have experienced. Claims are real and the lessons learned from each are painful but helpful. Unfortunately, much of the information about claims and resulting lessons learned is redacted by attorneys and insurance companies.
The ASCE Committee on Claims Reduction and Management is trying to change this. If you have lessons learned from a claim to share with the profession, the Committee has identified five levels of sharing, depending on the amount of information you wish to include.
Recently, SEI has created a Confidential Reporting of Structural Safety (CROSS-US) system for anonymously sharing live safety and property damage issues affecting our profession. The system is patterned after NASA’s Aviation Safety Reporting System. Any of us can anonymously provide information that will be cleansed and published for all to read. The web site is
https://www.cross-us.org/.
One of the great ironies of our profession is that there is no standard for the standard of care. There never will be. In places where a client feels the standard has not been met, it will be decided through a judicial process beginning with a complaint and summons, followed by a search for the standard in this particular case through the testimony of competing experts, and finally a resolution ending with a verdict or settlement. The standard of care in any given situation cannot be predicted and the outcome of any claim will be the result of many interwoven and complex issues, usually beyond our control.
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Gary Beckner Celebrates 41 Years at PCS Structural
Solutions
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By Erin Fahlsing
At 7:30 am on July 5, 1977, Gary Beckner walked in to his first day of work with Chalker Engineers. Three company name changes, four office moves, five promotions and 41 years to the day later, he finished his last workday with PCS Structural
Solutions on July 5, 2018.
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“Gary is the office expert on the projects no one else knows how to approach,” says Senior Principal Jim Collins, who has worked with Beckner for over 40 years. “If you have something that is difficult to define, Gary will take it on and always find a way to make it work.”
Beckner was not always the office expert; as a teenager, the former C+ student was unsure of what he wanted to do after graduation. It was his high school geometry teacher who sparked his interest in science and understanding 3D objects, motivating Beckner to pursue a career in engineering.
“Plus, my mom told me to make something of myself,” Beckner recalls.
And make something of himself he certainly did. Shortly before graduating from the College of Engineering at Oregon State University, the small-town Oregon native was hired with Chalker Engineers by founder Ray Chalker (an Oregon State alumnus himself). With little to his name but a working vehicle and a trunk-full of determination, Beckner moved to Washington to begin a brand-new life.
“I started a week after moving up here and they put me right to work. They were amazed by how much I already knew and immediately put me on some of the hard stuff,” says Beckner.
Beckner has since made a career of making the difficult projects look easy. He is the Associate to whom young engineers turn for advice and creative problem solving. Beckner is well known for his ability to design the not-so-mainstream structural systems.
“You have to walk into every project with an open mind,” he says.
That open-mindedness and desire to grow contributed to his success with PCS for 41 years.
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“(Staying with PCS) worked out very well. I learned from one person to the next and one job to the next,” says Beckner. “You just keep learning new things and getting better and better.”
Even in retirement, Beckner will continue ‘getting better’. He is looking forward to having the flexibility to work on new projects around the house and to go on regional trips with his wife of 33 years, Karilyn, and his three sons Aaron (29), Kevin (27) and Loren (25). Beckner may build a new home as a general contractor, but he is still thinking about it.
“I’m trying to figure that out,” he says. “The way I look at it, I’ve always had the ability to figure things out and accomplish something, so I’ll just do that in a different way now.”
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Interview with John H. Clark
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By John Gunn
Darrell Staaleson and I sat down with John H. Clark, P.E., S.E., FE. ASCE, M. SEAW, recipient of last year’s Professional Engineer of the Year Award from the Washington Society of Professional Engineers for his cutting-edge design of bridges, to discuss how membership in professional associations has benefited him. He told us how they helped him meet people, network, and improve his writing and speaking skills. They also grew his technical knowledge by providing access to seminars, magazines and journals, and reduced rates for code books. John really likes SEAW’s programs, ASCE’s articles on bridges, ACI’s variety of participating disciplines, AISC and PCI’s publications, and EERI’s focus on research. We asked John what advice he would give young engineers considering becoming involved in professional associations. He responded that they should join and take advantage of the opportunity to learn about engineering practice. Participation can be seen as a continuation of a recent graduate’s education, and it is a great way to find a mentor. And he advises all young engineers to get out into the field as often as possible to learn how things are built.
John talked to us about other things too, such as the Pasco Kennewick Intercity Bridge, his signature project. The 2500-foot long bridge spanning the Columbia River is the first major concrete cable stayed girder bridge in North America. The cable-stayed elements are precast and the approach spans are cast-in-place. John showed us the size of some of the threaded nuts used on the project using his hands. They are about a foot in diameter, and we agreed that installing them must have been a pain.
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Pasco Kennewick Intercity Bridge
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John has some suggestions to improve structural engineering practice. In his opinion, some codes and specifications are getting too long and prescriptive, and are “written by the foxes, not the chickens”. He references the Eurocode, and how the concrete provisions have no numbers, only ideas, leaving exact values to be determined by individual countries. He also thinks structural failures should be more thoroughly investigated. This time he cites the Canadian Royal Commission Reports, which are not hamstrung by defense lawyers sealing records after settlements. John feels that people would learn that “causes of failure are usually sin, not error”. At the very least, firms can share lessons learned with each other more often. Darrell and I really enjoyed our conversation with John, and it was clear that he is deserving of his Professional Engineer of the Year Award.
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Darrell Staaleson (left) and John H. Clark (right)
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Become a Post-Disaster Building Safety Evaluator – Nov 13, 2019
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By
Joyce Lem, Chair, Disaster Prep & Response Committee
A Post-Disaster Building Safety Assessment class will be held on November 13, at the One Union Square Building (600 University St), in downtown Seattle. Class participants will be eligible to join WAsafe, Washington State’s new program for volunteers who can perform post-disaster building safety assessments. WAsafe uses an online database to contact and dispatch WAsafe volunteers to assist local governments with building assessments. The WAsafe database includes registered engineers, architects, and building officials and inspectors, as well as EITs and other professionals who may be working towards licensure or certification. Look for the announcement with more details about the training and registration.
To help with this event or with other Disaster Prep & Response Committee work, please come to a monthly Committee meeting. Our meetings are held on third Tuesdays of the month, 12-1pm, at Quantum Consulting Engineers’ offices in downtown Seattle. Contact the Chair, Joyce Lem at
jmlem@live.com for more info.
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Cadillac Hotel in Seattle, damaged during Nisqually Earthquake in 2001
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Join the Great Washington ShakeOut!
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By Joyce Lem, Chair, Disaster Prep & Response Committee
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On 10/17 at 10:17 am, millions of people will participate in the annual Great ShakeOut, the world’s largest earthquake drill. You can too! Families, individuals, businesses, schools, facilities, agencies, and organizations are all encouraged to join and practice “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” or other, more extensive exercises. For more details and to register your participation, see
https://www.shakeout.org/washington/. This is the Washington page of the website. From here you can find an extensive array of information, including videos, webpages, and downloadable documents about how to get ready for an earthquake, what to do during the earthquake, and what to do after. (And for fun, see the page about the film “San Andreas” and what Hollywood got right and what it got oh-so-wrong:
https://www.earthquakecountry.org/sanandreas/ )
Prepare yourself and your family, as well as your office or business!
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Caution: Manufacturer’s catalog and website data may not be consistent with the testing data
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By Matt Snook
Recently, discrepancies have been found between the testing data and the manufacturer’s product data. Engineers and building officials should be aware that engineering values used in design and construction must be applied in accordance with the approved listing and conform to the values listed in the code-approved third-party testing report. If differences of values exist between published manufacturer’s values and testing reports, the test reports shall govern. “These discrepancies have mostly been changes made in the field, and the engineer of record (EOR) and the building inspector may not be aware of the problem,” said Bellevue Building Code Plan Review Supervisor Lee Kranz. It is important to confirm that the testing data derived from the approved testing agency is used to determine the code-required design.
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SEFW Fall Forum features CTBUH, discusses global development
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By Angela Gottula Twining
The Structural Engineers Foundation of Washington (SEFW) is excited to announce details for its 9th Fall Forum at the Illsley Ball Nordstrom Recital Hall at Benaroya Hall in Seattle on Wednesday, November 6.
“Trends in Worldwide Urban Growth: How Washington Stacks Up,” will explore overall global development and highlight how local cities reflect the trends and challenges seen in other parts of the world. The Forum will be presented by Antony Wood, RIBA, PhD., Chief Executive Officer of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, who has personally visited more than 80 countries and is a renowned expert in urban growth and density.
This industry-wide event is free and open to participants of all ages, and will be of interest to engineers, architects, construction professionals, owner/developers, political activists, building enthusiasts, students, and the general public. Registration is encouraged as capacity is limited; register at
www.sefw.org.
Invitation letters have been sent to local A/E/C corporations, outlining the benefits of Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Bronze sponsorships. Individual donors may also elect to become a "Friend of the Foundation" for a $100 tax-deductible gift. All sponsors and Friends will be recognized at the event.
Corporate sponsors and Friends receive tickets to a pre-function networking reception. Others who are interested may attend the reception by making a $30 donation to SEFW.
All tax-deductible donations go to support SEFW’s charitable mission, which is to promote structural engineering through scholarship, education, research, and outreach.
In summary, details are as follows:
- “Trends in Worldwide Urban Growth: How Washington Stacks Up”
- Presented by Antony Wood, RIBA, PhD., Chief Executive Officer of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)
- Wednesday, November 6, 2019
- Benaroya Hall, 200 University Street, Seattle, WA
- Pre-function networking reception, 4:30 PM – admission by $30 donation to SEFW or a $100 “Friend of the Foundation” tax-deductible donation
- Lecture, 6 PM – free
- Registration is requested, please visit www.sefw.org
- Capacity is limited
- Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Bronze sponsorship opportunities are available
More information can be found at
www.sefw.org.
Last year’s Fall Forum, “Higher & Higher: Jeddah Tower & Building Megatall” had approximately 300 attendees and discussed a ground-breaking project in Saudi Arabia intended to be the world’s next tallest building.
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By Linda Ji
The Young Members Group kicks off the 2019-2020 season with our first Happy Hour series hosted at MKA and a short presentation about the Rainier Square project. The event was well attended by young, working engineers and senior and master’s students from UW and Seattle U. The theme for this year is "Innovation in Structural Engineering". Each month, a local structural engineering firm will be hosting a social event for the YMG with a talk about how they are innovating in their work as structural engineers. These will be held on the fourth Thursday of each month. The next one will be at KPFF's downtown Seattle office on October 24th.
Another new program the YMG is starting this year is a professional development series aimed at exposing young engineers and students to a variety of fields of practice and technologies within structural engineering that they may not encounter through their normal work or studies. Our first one was on October 3rd, at DCI's offices and presented by Sika, on the use of FRP in concrete structure retrofit.
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Alejandro Esparza at our first happy hour
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State and Chapter Committee Reports
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Contact the committee chair if you are interested in learning more or getting involved:
- NCSEA Delegate – Chun Lau
- Earthquake Engineering Committee – Kai Ki Mow
- One of the current main focus and an important topic that the committee hopes to address in the upcoming year is the Increased Seismic Load in the newly published ASCE 7-16.
- Members interested in EEC can find additional information regarding the meeting on the SEAW website calendar or can contact the committee chair.
- Outreach Committee - Gino Mazzotti
- To sign up to volunteer or to mentor, visit the SEFW page.
- Sustainability Committee – Chris Jeseritz
- Refresher Committee – Mark Whiteley
- Public Information Committee – Darrell Staaleson
- Disaster Preparation/Response Committee – Joyce Lem
- WABO Liaison Committee – Matt Snook
- The SEAW/WABO Liaison committee is now available for questions from SEAW or WABO members. These questions can be about subjects addressed in the white papers already issued or general questions in the realm of structural engineering practice as it relates to interaction with the various building departments. Comments or questions can be emailed to matts@cplinc.com.
- Technology Taskforce – Morgan Wiese
- Membership Task Group – Jill Shuttleworth
- Continuing Education Committee – Nathalie Boeholt
- Scholarship Committee – Kevin Solberg
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Are you currently seeking employment as a structural engineer, senior manager, or a senior engineer technician? Check out our job board for current employment opportunities.
Learn More
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Northwest masonry industry association is seeking an Executive Director. Responsibilities include association management; building code development; creation of educational programs and delivering technical presentations; technical support for design professionals; and coordination of industry research projects.
Northwest location permitting residence in Washington or Oregon. To express interest, submit a cover letter and resume to
admin07@nwcma.org
.
Position Requirements:
- Bachelor’s degree in civil/structural engineering.
- Minimum 3-5 years’ experience in commercial building design. A professional license is preferred.
- Excellent oral and written communication skills.
- Ability to work independently.
- Outgoing personality with the ability to provide design guidance and engage design professionals in discussions regarding building material selection. Existing contacts within the regional A/E/C community preferred.
- Some travel away from home with overnight stays.
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In accordance with SEAW bylaws, membership applications are vetted by the executive director, granted probationary status by the chapter board, and posted for membership comment. Membership is considered accepted 30 days after posting if current year dues are paid and no member objections have been received.
Read More
New Members:
- Austin Anderson
- Will Bergendahl
- Sarah Bergquist
- Jacob Chekal
- Kimberly Chun
- Jeff Gilliland
- Max Halverson
- Joe Kaldestad
- Homing Leung
- Marcella Li
- Spencer Lindsley
- Kevin Liu
- Nanaissa Maiga
- Caitlin OLoughlin
- Nick Pellerin
- Tiberiu Polocoser
- Arvind Ramesh
- Sophie Stern
- Dimitri Vorobiev
- Kelly Weiler
- Ray Yu
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OCT 2019
Equilibrium publication Team:
John Gunn, Editor
Darrell Staaleson, Past Editor
Zohrah Ali
Allison Tran
Blaine Sanchez
Lisette Terry
Shivang Gupta
ACTION ITEMS:
1.
All members are welcome to submit articles to Equilibrium. To help you with your writer's block, here are a few topics: Write “Engineer's Notes from Afield,” summarize an interesting technical design you worked on, write about how you have been successful and increased productivity with an accounting procedure or marketing technique, write about your experiences doing community service, or share some construction site photos and talk about lessons learned.
2.
“A Picture and a Paragraph.” Please use the article submittal form provided and the picture needs a caption along with the names of the people in the photo.
3.
Please submit your articles in Word format using the Article Template. [
Article Template
]
CORRECTIONS:
None
October Puzzle:
Who first proposed the “Big Bang theory”?
Clue: He started out studying civil engineering in Belgium.
Bonus: What cosmological constant did he first estimate?
Look on the SEAW Facebook Page for a picture clue!
The first SEAW member to respond on our SEAW Facebook Page or at the next dinner meeting –
with a correct and full answer
- will get a cash prize.
September Puzzle:
What did the candy bar “Twix” used to be called in Europe?
Bonus: What does “Twix” stand for?
Bonus Clue: It’s a portmanteau.
Picture Clue:
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Answer:
“Twix” used to be called “Raider” in Europe. “Twix” stands for “Twin Sticks”.
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Structural Engineers Association of Washington
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