Parental age and risk for pediatric neuropsychiatric disorder
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A population-based study of 1,490,745 parents of singleton births evaluated the association between parental ages and cases of pediatric-onset autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's disorder (chronic tic disorder - TD/CT).
Younger parental age is significantly associated with increased pediatric risk of ADHD and TD/CT, while older parental age is associated with ASD and OCD in their offspring.
Journal of American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
See related video HERE. |
Post vaccination febrile seizure (FS) severity and outcome
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FSs occur in 3-5% of children <6 years of age associated with a sudden increase in body temperature.
A study which evaluated whether post-vaccination febrile seizures differ clinically from those non-vaccinated related ones indicate that vaccine-related febrile seizures account for 6% of febrile seizures with no differences in risk of prolonged seizure, repeat seizure within 24 hours, hospital admission rate, length of stay or requirement for anti-epileptic treatment on discharge.
Pediatrics
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Prenatal prediction of survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
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From a study of prenatal lung-head ratio (LHR) and total fetal lung volume (TFLV) measured between 24 and 32 weeks gestation in 82 fetuses with CDH it appears that overall morbidity, Extra Corporeal Life-Support (ECLS-ECMO) and patch repair rates are 33%, 12.5% and 45% respectively.
A LHR value >45%, avoidance of ECLS and primary repair are most associated with survival.
Fetal LHR and TFLV values are useful predictors of CDH outcome.
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A model to predict death or disability in extremely preterm infants (ELBW)
While survival of preterm infants (500g - 1,250g) has increased over the past decade, the prevalence of disability remains high.
A prospective study evaluated and utilized the data on morbidity, mortality, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and brain injury (by clinical assessment and ultrasound) in a cohort of infants born during 1991 - 2008 (and followed to 7 years of age), to produce a model to predict death or disability.
In infants with a birth weight <1,250g severe ROP is strongly associated with late death or disability; severe BPD is associated with poor motor and cognitive development and severe hearing loss/blindness, and while brain injury alone does not have a clear prognostic value at 7 years of age a poor outcome is predicted by a combination of two of the three morbidities found during neonatal hospitalization.
Acta Paediatrica
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Magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (CE) in children
From a retrospective study of 129 children who underwent magnetically controlled CE as a non-invasive diagnostic tool to diagnose abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract it appears that mean esophageal transit time is 6 seconds with mean gastric transit times being 83.9 minutes. Positive findings may be found in approximately 63% of selected patients. While adverse events can occur, no serious complications occurred in this group during examination or follow-up. All capsules are spontaneously excreted within 2 weeks (larger studies needed: Ed).
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
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Sapovirus infection in children with gastroenteritis (GE) before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination
Sapovirus's are a non-enveloped genetically diverse group of single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family (and together with norovirus), with the GI., G.II, G.IV and G.V genogroups (and 17 genotypes) being known to cause gastroenteritis in children.
A prospective hospital-based surveillance study of children presenting with gastroenteritis seen in either in an Emergency Department (ED) or during hospitalization examined 1,437 stools for the presence of sapovirus before and after the introduction of a national rotavirus vaccination program in Finland.
Sapovirus GE occurs mainly the winter and spring with GI.1 and GII.2 groups being the most common genotypes found. Overall incidence of sapovirus GE prior to vaccination is 1.4% which increases to 5.5% post vaccination.
Acta Paediatrica
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Preterm birth as a risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adult life
The Metabolic Syndrome in children includes a cluster of risk factors occurring together (hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased waist size and an abnormal blood lipid profile) that doubles the risk of blood vessel/heart disease as adults.
A review of 43 studies (including a combined total of 18,295 preterm and 294,063 term-born adults) which related gestational age and the components of Metabolic Syndrome to subsequent cardiovascular disease indicates that prematurity is associated with significantly higher fat mass, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin levels.
"Preterm birth is strongly associated with a number of components of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in adult life."
Journal of Pediatrics
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Diabetes in children: What is diabetes?
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