The Journal of Nutrition
Media Alerts
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The following articles have been published in the January 2019 issue of
The Journal of Nutrition, a publication of the American Society for Nutrition. Summaries of the selected articles appear below; the full text of each article is available by clicking on the links listed. Manuscripts published in
The Journal of Nutrition are embargoed until the article appears online either as in press (
Articles in Press) or as a final version. The embargoes for the following
articles have expired (
Editor's Choice Articles in bold
):
- Strategies to improve bone health among Hispanic adults: where do we go next?
- Can skipping breakfast increase risk of type 2 diabetes?
- Personalizing intake of individual saturated fatty acid: odd or even?
- Elevated intake of dairy, meat, and fish elevates plasma biomarkers of vitamin B-12 status
- Assistance does not significantly improve the quality of food intake data collected from low-income subjects using an online tool
- Dose-responsive increases in carotenoids and isoflavones are detectable in plasma and urine of men with prostate cancer
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Strategies to improve bone health among Hispanic adults: where do we go next?
Inadequate intakes of certain nutrients increase the risk of bone loss and subsequent risk of osteoporosis. Consumption of dairy foods has been shown to be positively related to bone mineral density and reduced bone loss over time among a narrow sample of non-Hispanic whites. Puerto Rican adults have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency than non-Hispanic whites, but the impact of dietary choices on bone health in this population is poorly understood. Findings from a recent study conducted by
Mangano et al. published in the January 2019 issue of
The Journal of Nutrition reveal a unique dietary pattern that may detrimentally affect bone health.
A total of 904 participants from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study provided diet information using a culturally tailored food-frequency questionnaire. The researchers found that higher intakes of modified dairy (milk, yogurt, and cheese) and milk alone were associated with higher bone mineral density, but when compared by vitamin D status, dairy intakes were related to higher bone mineral density only among those with vitamin D sufficiency. Calcium and vitamin D intakes from all foods were lower in this population than in the Dietary Guidelines, whereas protein intakes were higher compared with other adult populations. The scientists concluded that this unique dietary pattern may detrimentally affect bone health, because dietary protein intakes appear to be protective only under conditions of adequate calcium intake.
Read the full summary
here.
For More Information: To contact the corresponding author, Kelsey Mangano, please send an e-mail to
kelsey_mangano@uml.edu.
Can skipping breakfast increase risk of type 2 diabetes?
Many well-known lifestyle factors are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes; now, a recent study published in the January 2019 issue of The Journal of Nutrition suggests that skipping breakfast should be added to the list.
A research team led by Dr. Aurélie Ballon hypothesized that not only is there an association between breakfast skipping and type 2 diabetes, but this relation presents in a consistent dose-response manner. Data for this study were obtained by a systematic review and meta-analysis of 6 prospective cohort studies on breakfast skipping and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults. Nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis indicated that risk of type 2 diabetes increased with every additional day of breakfast skipping, reaching a plateau at 4‒5 days a week. The researchers concluded, “future studies should also focus on breakfast quality.” In other words, would consuming an unhealthy breakfast be better than skipping breakfast altogether?
Read the full summary
here
.
Personalizing intake of individual saturated fatty acid: odd or even?
Not all saturated fatty acids are created equal. Some saturated fatty acids consist of many carbon atoms bonded together, others contain just a few; most saturated fatty acids consist of an even number of carbon atoms, yet some have an odd number. Seemingly, these slight variations in chemical structures can have differential effects on health. Although dietary guidelines of many countries recommend limiting the intake of saturated fatty acids to < 10% of total energy, not all studies have observed a direct link. In a recent study published in the January 2019 issue of
The Journal of Nutrition,
Zhang and colleagues assessed the associations of individual saturated fatty acid intakes with total mortality in a Chinese nationwide population. This prospective analysis included 7888 women and 6495 men, aged >20 years, from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1989‒2011). A total of 1011 deaths were documented with a median of 14 years of follow-up. Total saturated fatty acids and even-chain saturated fatty acids were associated with higher total mortality in women, whereas intake of odd-chain fatty acids was related to lower total mortality in both sexes. Associations of saturated fatty acid intake with total mortality depended on specific saturated fatty acid subtypes and sexes in the Chinese population. Overall, these findings suggest greater consumption of odd-chain saturated fatty acids for both sexes, fewer even-chain saturated fatty acids for women, and more medium-chain fatty acids for men.
For More Information: To contact the corresponding author, Yu Zhang, please send an e-mail to
y_zhang@zju.edu.cn.
Read full summaries
here.
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JN Editor's Choice Articles
Elevated intake of dairy, meat, and fish elevates plasma biomarkers of vitamin B-12 status
Denissen and colleagues explored the relations between the intake of vitamin B-12 from dairy, meat, fish, or eggs and the levels of vitamin B-12, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), and methylmalonic acid (MMA) in pregnant Dutch women. Pregnant women, fetuses and infants are most susceptible to the impacts of vitamin B-12 deficiency, which includes infertility, spontaneous abortions, birth defects, and impaired cognitive function, motor control, and growth. HoloTC is the metabolite available for absorption by tissues and MMA is a substrate in vitamin B-12 reactions that accumulates during vitamin B-12 deficiency. The study identified dose-response relations between the intake of dairy, meat, and fish and biomarkers of plasma vitamin B-12 status. The greatest slope in the response curves was detected with dairy intake. A secondary analysis of the data determined that vegetarians and lacto-ovo vegetarians had not only lower levels of vitamin B-12 intake, but also significantly worse levels of biomarkers of vitamin B-12 status. The authors concluded that pregnant women consuming greater amounts of vitamin B-12 from dairy, meat, and fish had better vitamin B-12 biomarker status and had reduced odds of having a vitamin B-12 deficiency. Moreover, they concluded that lacto-vegetarians should consume supplements in order to meet their vitamin B-12 needs, as the amount consumed through recommended levels of dairy intake was not sufficient to prevent a deficiency. These results are reported in the January issue of
The Journal of Nutrition.
Reference: Denissen KFM, Heil SG, Eussen SJPM, Heeskens JPJ, Thijs C, Mommers M, Smits LJM, van Dongen MCJM, Dagnelie PC.
Intakes of vitamin B-12 from dairy food, meat, and fish and shellfish are independently and positively associated with vitamin B-12 biomarker status in pregnant Dutch women.
J Nutr 2019 149(1):131‒8.
Assistance does not significantly improve the quality of food intake data collected from low-income subjects using an online tool
Accurately assessing food intake for human nutrition studies continues to drive research into methodologies that allow subjects to easily and effectively report foods consumed and the portion sizes selected. One tool developed by the National Cancer Institute and recently updated (ASA24-2016) is an online system that is compatible with computers, smart phones and tablets. Prior to the study by
Kirkpatrick and colleagues, which is reported in the January issue of
The Journal of Nutrition, it was unknown whether low income participants would be capable of completing the report independently. Results from that study led the authors to conclude that low-income subjects provide information that is slightly less accurate than other populations, but that the ASA24-2016 performed relatively well at measuring foods selected. They noted that the tool performed best during breakfast and was less effective during lunch, when subjects tended to miss items that were added to foods. Based on the outcomes from those completing the reports independently and those receiving assistance in small group settings, the authors concluded that assistance did not significantly improve the outcomes. In a
commentary published in the same issue, Whiting also concluded that this online food-intake resource can achieve the degree of accuracy needed to conduct nutrition research studies.
For More Information: To contact the corresponding author, Susan J Whiting, please send an email to
susan.whiting@usask.ca.
Dose-responsive increases in carotenoids and isoflavones are detectable in plasma and urine of men with prostate cancer
Multiple studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of molecules in tomatoes and soy in the suppression of prostate carcinogenesis using animal and cell-based models of the disease. In fact, a few human studies have shown that some dietary patterns may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Existing literature describing the effectiveness of combined therapies suggests the potential to combine tomato and soy into a highly defined dietary therapy that may enhance the potential chemopreventive abilities of these foods.
Grainger and colleagues developed a tomato-soy juice containing 20.6 mg of lycopene and 66 mg of isoflavone aglycone equivalents in a 177-mL can and used the juice to determine plasma, urine, and prostate levels of carotenoids and isoflavones in subjects undergoing prostatectomy. The subjects consumed 0, 1, or 2 cans of juice per day for 3 weeks prior to surgery. They report the results of the study in the January issue of
The Journal of Nutrition. There was a dose response in the elevation of plasma and urinary markers of intake for lycopene and isoflavones. Although there were increases in some carotenoids and isoflavones in the prostate, the increases were not dose-dependent, and the isoflavone levels were highly variable among subjects. The authors suggest that the defined tomato-soy juice could be used in human clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of the combined treatment on prostate carcinogenesis.
References: Grainger EM, Moran NE, Francis DM, Schwartz SJ, Wan L, Thomas-Ahner J, Kopec RE, Riedl KM, Young GS, Abaza R, et al.
A novel tomato-soy juice induces a dose-response increase in urinary and plasma phytochemical biomarkers in men with prostate cancer.
J Nutr 2019;149(1):26‒35.
For More Information: To contact the corresponding author, Steven K Clinton, please send an email to
steven.clinton@osumc.edu.
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