The authors of this study compared the chemical dynamics between red clover traditional preparations of infusions, decoctions, and tinctures, as well as to identify the chemical variability over time in a traditional tincture. For this purpose, eight
isoflavone
aglycones
as well as two
glucosides
, ononin and sissotrin, were used as marker compounds. Infusions, decoctions and tinctures were shown to produce different chemical profiles and dynamic chemical variability of the red clover tincture was observed over time (one-month). The outcomes show that tinctures, taken over a period of time, are dynamic medicinal formulations that allow for time-controlled release of bioactive compounds.
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June 2019
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
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Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Aims of the study
The aims were to compare the chemical dynamics between traditional preparations of infusions, decoctions, and tinctures, as well as to identify the chemical variability over time in a traditional red clover tincture. For this purpose, eight
isoflavone
aglycones
as well as two
glucosides
, ononin and sissotrin, were used as marker compounds.
Materials and methods
Quantitative NMR (qHNMR), LC-MS-MS, and UHPLC-UV methods were used to identify and quantitate the major
phenolic compounds
found within each extract.
Results
Infusions, decoctions and tinctures were shown to produce different chemical profiles.
Biochanin A
and
formononetin
were identified and quantified in infusion, decoction, and tinctures of red clover. Both infusion and decoction showed higher concentrations of
isoflavonoid
glucosides, such as ononin and sissotrin, than 45% ethanolic tinctures. Dynamic chemical variability (“dynamic residual complexity”) of the red clover tincture was observed over time (one-month), with biochanin A and formononetin reaching peak concentrations at around six days.
Conclusions
Insight was gained into why different formulation methods (infusions, decoctions, and tinctures) are traditionally used to treat different health conditions. Moreover, the outcomes show that tinctures, taken over a period of time, are dynamic medicinal formulations that allow for time-controlled release of bioactive compounds.
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