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Cassandra & puppet, scaling data at $15 per month
- 1. Cassandra & Puppet: Scaling data at $15/month Constant Contact March 2011 Dave Connors – VP Operations Jim Ancona – Systems Architect Mark Schena – Manager Systems Automation
- 3. Over 400k paying customers
- 8. Cost = Low
- 10. Monitoring
- 11. Authentication
- 12. Logging
- 13. Risk profile
- 16. Open sourced in 2008
- 18. Became an Apache top-level project in 2010
- 20. In use at Digg, Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, Rackspace, Cloudkick, Cisco, …
- 22. Fault Tolerant
- 23. Elastic
- 24. Durable
- 25. Rich data model
- 26. Replicated data
- 28. Consistency LevelONE Consistency Level One Y
- 29. Consistency Level Quorum X
- 41. Paid support and training is available: http://datastax.com
- 43. Mirroring
- 46. Flexible roles
- 49. 1 250G disk
- 50. No SWAP
- 51. RAID Zero Root Partition and Data Storage
- 54. Multiple Datacenters = 2
- 55. Use only half the available disk = 2
- 56. 12 Servers = ~1 TB Of Data Storage
- 57. ~6 TB of Data Storage 72 x 6 = x 2 = 12 3 x 2 = 6
- 59. Tool Chain Tool Chain
- 61. Versioning of puppet code allows for adoption of development best practices
- 62. Leverage Domain specific knowledge and skillDevOps with Puppet
- 63. Always Move Forward Always Move Forward
- 65. Cassandra uses log4j natively
- 66. Resources not available for remote log4j development
- 67. Scribed with Puppet provides the solutionOperational Efficiencies
- 69. JMX trending
- 70. Identify critical data points
- 71. Rapid development of graphs
- 73. Puppet Code Example: Munin Puppet Code define munin::cassandracolumnfamily ( ) { include cassandravirtual File <| title == "jmxbin" |> $confdir="/opt/cassandra-munin-plugins” $plugindir="/etc/munin/plugins" $target="/opt/cassandra-munin-plugins/jmx_" # Match 3 strings separated by periods $pattern = '^([^.]*)[.]([^.]*)[.]([^.]*)$' $keyspace = regsubst($name, $pattern, '') $columnfamily = regsubst($name, $pattern, '') $file = regsubst($name, $pattern, '') file {"${keyspace}_${columnfamily}_${file}.conf": owner => 'root', ensure => 'file', group => 'root', type => 'file', path => "${confdir}/${keyspace}_${columnfamily}_${file}.conf", mode => '644', content => template("munin/attribute_${file}.conf.erb"), require => [ Package['munin-node'], File['/opt/cassandra-munin-plugins'], File['jmxquery'], ], } file {"$plugindir/${keyspace}_${columnfamily}_${file}": ensure => 'link', owner => 'root', group => 'root', mode => '511', type => 'link', target => "$target", require => [ File['/opt/cassandra-munin-plugins'], File["${keyspace}_${columnfamily}_${file}.conf"], File['jmxquery'], Package['munin-node'], ],
- 75. Development Best Practices with Life Cycle Management
- 78. Q&A Thank You!
Editor's Notes
- “… a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable'sColumnFamily-based data model.”
- Operational attributesFault TolerantData is automatically replicated to multiple nodes for fault-tolerance. Replication across multiple data centers is supported. Failed nodes can be replaced with no downtime.DecentralizedEvery node in the cluster is identical. There are no network bottlenecks. There are no single points of failure.ElasticRead and write throughput both increase linearly as new machines are added, with no downtime or interruption to applications.DurableCassandra is suitable for applications that can't afford to lose data, even when an entire data center goes down.Not just key-value. Replication and Consistency are configurable and datacenter aware
- Can also be configured cross-datacenter.
- Consistency Level is tunableONEQUORUMALLAt level ONE, one copy makes it to disk synchronously, before caller returns success.Same with reads. One node is read, so can get old data
- At QUORUM, two of three (QUORUM) written before returningQUORUM Read: Quorum must AGREEFirst two don’t, so wait for the third node to resolve the tie
- RISKS0.7.x in beta when we started, multiple betas and RCsRDBMS best practices are understood, if they exist for Cassandra how to discover them?Complicated system, lots of knobs, how to tune themMITIGATIONSWe deployed 0.7.2 across 72 servers in 90 minutes two days before we went live. 0.7.3 any day nowMailing lists, read code, file bugsA little about DatastaxStarted with a small app, higher risk ones come later, Mark will talk about monitoring—we have hundreds of graphs
- Data model: no joins, referential integrity or fixed schema. If you want those things, you have to code them.Rows with millions of columnsThrift: driver-level interface, doesn’t do things an application-level client should do, e.g. failover, retry
- Contributed bug reports and patches to Cassandra and HectorIncorporated in follow-on releasesNo need to maintain our own fork
- Mirror modeShort timeoutsLog errors DB2 is still database of record
- Necessary for success
- Authentication and Authorization; test basic functionaiity; rapidly deploy new changes