Central nervous system processing of emotions in children with Nocturnal Enuresis (NE) & Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
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A study of 54 children which analyzed the central processing of emotions (acoustic evoked potentials) in equal number of children with NE, ADHD, NE+ADHD and controls, indicates that children with NE process emotions differently to those in the other groups, with NE+ADHD children displaying the most intense interactive effects on the central nervous system.
Acta Paediatrica
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Chest pain in 2 adolescent males mimicking myocardial infarction.
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"Chest pain in children is one of the most common reasons for an unscheduled visit to the primary care physician's office and emergency department". Chest pain can generally be divided into "cardiac" or "non-cardiac" causes, with 98% of chest pain in children being of "non-cardiac" origin (musculoskeletal, pulmonary and/or airway related, gastrointestinal, plus a miscellaneous group which include panic disorder, hyperventilation, spinal cord compression, etc.).
An interesting report of two young athletes who presented with chest pain, elevated troponin and CK-MB levels with focal ST elevation on EKG, reminds us that other etiologies e.g. myopericarditis, pulmonary embolus, acute rheumatic fever and trauma may present in a similar way.
Pediatric Emergency Care
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Anxiety, depression & self-esteem in children with well controlled asthma
Children with asthma have been described as having increased psychological morbidities; however this may be related to poor asthma control.
A study of 70 well-controlled asthmatic children (and their health matched controls) in a comprehensive asthma management program compared (using a variety of measures) depression, anxiety, fear and self-perception scores between them and the normal matched group.
Children with well-controlled asthma do not appear to have an increased risk of anxiety, depression or poorer self-esteem.
Archives of Disease in Children
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Video Feature (via YouTube)
 | | Primary and Secondary Nocturnal Enuresis |
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Impact of common treatments given during the perinatal period on the developing brain.
Much progress has been made over the past decade in the perinatal management of the high-risk preterm infant with improvement in neurologic outcomes (5%-10% of very preterm infants develop cerebral palsy; 25%-50% have cognitive impairments). Most of the changes made were not specifically neuroprotective strategies aimed at improving neurological outcomes.
An extensive review of recent changes in perinatal care suggests that antenatal steroids and exogenous surfactant are the most important treatments that have led to improved brain outcomes, with control trials presently being undertaken on the effects of inhaled nitric oxide and erythropoietin. Antenatal magnesium sulfate and caffeine may also possibly play a role. Other modalities of treatment appear to have no, or conflicting effects on the developing brain.
Neonatology
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Rhinovirus Bronchiolitis & length of hospital stay (LOS).
It appears form a prospective study utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nasopharyngeal aspirates from 408 infants (median ages 8 months), hospitalized in the winter with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis whose LOS was determined, that 35% have a respiratory syncytial virus infection only, while 23% have a rhinovirus isolated.
Infants with rhinovirus bronchiolitis appear to have a shorter time period prior to hospitalization, are sicker, and have shorter hospital LOS.
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
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Maternal & pregnancy characteristics & risk of Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS).
A case-control study of 3,608 surgically treated IHPS patients (and their matched controls) identified in the Swedish National Patient Register and analyzed for IHPS risk factors, indicates that caesarian section, prematurity, young maternal age and smoking are significant risk factors. The etiology of IHPS, however remains obscure but it is probably multifactorial and it includes genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
Journal of Pediatric Surgery
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