MOSQUITO BYTES NEWSLETTER

A mosquito takes a blood meal from a person.
OLD MOSQUITO-BORNE ILLNESS RETURNS TO CALIFORNIA
A "relative" of West Nile virus infects mosquitoes in Fresno

A disease that disappeared from California for 12 years is back in California. Mosquitoes in Fresno tested positive for St. Louis encephalitis in June of this year. In Kern County, mosquitoes tested positive for the disease in late 2016 and one person died.
 
St. Louis encephalitis and its viral relative, Western equine encephalitis were common in California in the 1940s-1960s. In fact, the District's original mosquito surveillance plan was designed because of these diseases.
 
"Our surveillance program existed to detect St. Louis encephalitis and Western equine encephalitis and so we were already looking for mosquito-borne diseases when West Nile virus came along," said the District's Scientific Programs Manager Steve Schutz, Ph.D. "We strengthened our program due to West Nile virus, but we still look for St. Louis and Western equine encephalitis as well as other potential new mosquito-borne diseases that could arrive in our county at any time."
 
The last time District employees found Western equine encephalitis within Contra Costa County was in 1997.
 
Schutz says the data suggests St. Louis encephalitis and Western equine encephalitis were truly gone statewide from 2003 until 2015, when St. Louis encephalitis started to reappear in Southern California. Genetic testing of the current strain shows it was likely reintroduced by birds migrating from South America. Although these viruses seemingly went away for a while, the California native mosquito species that transmit it did not.
 
Did you know?
  • California has 53 different species of mosquitoes.
  • There are 23 different species in Contra Costa County alone.
  • Each species differs by:
    • Flight ranges.
    • Locations.
    • Preferences of water type to lay their eggs.
    • Preferences of animals or humans to bite.
    • Diseases they can transmit.
Some species have the ability to transmit more than one disease. For example, the two types of mosquitoes known to transmit West Nile virus in Contra Costa County can also transmit St. Louis and Western equine encephalitis.
 
So what does all of this mean to you?
 
It means you have to keep doing what you're doing.
  • Dump out standing water.
  • Avoid being outside at dawn and dusk to avoid mosquitoes.
  • Report dead birds.
  • Defend yourself by wearing repellent when mosquitoes are present.
Keep up the good work. Mosquito control is in your hands and our hands.


A yellowjacket rests on a branch.
AN UNPRECEDENTED YEAR FOR YELLOWJACKETS

A Wet Winter and Hot Summer Leads to Dramatic Population Increase
Outdoor weddings can be magical. Imagine it. Amidst fragrant flowers, chairs rise from luscious green grass. A satin runner provides a shimmering walkway for the special couple. Twinkling lights hang from trees trimmed to create a natural canopy for the bride and groom to recite their vows. The sights and sounds offer more than ambiance. They create the magic. These are the preparations one county resident made for a wedding she planned to host in her own backyard. She spent months making sure everything would be perfect. And then they happened--groundnesting yellowjackets.  
 
While placing finishing touches on an elevated part of the yard, she found herself suddenly under attack by yellowjackets that raced out of a small hole in the ground, enraged, trying to sting and bite. It's a scenario that is happening over and over this summer in Contra Costa County. Yellowjackets are out in force--a side effect of the ample rain after California's recent drought.
 
During the drought, vegetation died, and with it food and habitat for the insects. As a result, many yellowjackets died as well. Requests for groundnesting yellowjacket service decreased between the first and last year of the drought by 62.5 percent. This year, however, the number of requests for service is unprecedented.

Vector Control Aide Heidi Budge who has worked with the District's yellowjacket program for eight seasons says she's seen the size and number of nests in both rainy and drought years. This year, she's received more daily inspection requests than she ever has before.  
 
"In a typical season, I average three or four inspections per day, but so far this year, particularly this summer, I've averaged seven or eight requests per day. I've even arrived at work to find more than 20 requests waiting for me."
 
The increase in yellowjacket activity prompted the District's Yellowjacket Program Supervisor Sheila Currier to extend the District's response time from 24 hours to up to four business days. She's even had to call in reinforcements.
 
"When we didn't see yellowjacket activity until April this year, we couldn't imagine the population would grow so rapidly.  They are out and they are everywhere. I've even had to ask employees of the mosquito, rat, mouse, and skunk teams to help with yellowjacket service calls, too."
 
What can you do if you discover a yellowjacket nest on your property?
  • Locate, Mark & Map Nest Location
    • Find the nest and mark the location with a tool, stick or other object close to the nest.
    • Draw a simple map where the nest is located on the property.
    • Tape the map to the front door. The map helps the District inspector find the nest, which may be hidden.
  • Contact the District
Back at the wedding site, wedding guests enjoyed the day with nary a yellowjacket in site, thanks to a visit by a District employee who treated the nest.
How To Get Automatic Adult Mosquito Spraying            Notifications & Breaking News

To learn when and where we are fogging for adult mosquitoes, sign up for our spray notifications. You can interact with the map and learn each and every street in our spray zone each time. 

Want breaking news such as when we find West Nile virus or other mosquito-borne diseases? Sign up for our automatic emails delivered right to you.  You choose which publications you wish to receive.


Got a minute for the latest one-minute videos? 

MARKING A YELLOWJACKET NEST FOR SERVICE
Vector Control Aide Heidi Budge explains why we treat only ground-nesting yellowjacket nests and how you can help us locate it for treatment.

HOW CHICKENS HELP DETECT WEST NILE VIRUS
Vector Ecologist Eric Ghilarducci explains how chickens help guard us against mosquito-borne viruses.

TESTING DEAD BIRDS FOR WEST NILE VIRUS
  Dead birds help us find where West Nile virus might be in active transmission in the county. Join Scientific Programs Manager Steve Schutz, Ph.D. in the laboratory. 

History is a powerful reminder of previous challenges, lest we get too confident in our successes.

This month's article on the reappearance of mosquito-borne disease illustrates the essence of mosquito control: it is essential. No matter the decade, mosquitoes have learned to adapt to and in their environment. Say what you will about them, you have to admire their resilience over the past 100 million years.

The environment and its tenants are ever-changing--each year is different in vector control. We can't predict what will happen, but we know what has happened. And that informs us of the possibilities in the future.

Vector-borne diseases are relentless and so must we all be as well.

Enthusiastically,



  Deborah Bass
  Public Affairs Manager
  Contra Costa Mosquito & Vector Control

                                                                                        

August 21, 2017
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Contra Costa Mosquito & Vector Control
925-685-9301
[email protected]
http://www.contracostamosquito.com