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Dear  Naaleh  Friend,

This week we continue our Elul themed learning. We have featured the class The Beginning by Rebbetzin Leah Kohn from the Naaleh.com series Elul, Rosh Hashana, and Yom Kippur: Days of Closeness and Awe.

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on the image below to view the class now:
 
 
Naaleh.com is pleased to announce three new shiurim by Mrs. Shoshie Nissenbaum on the Machzor of Rosh Hashana. Each shiur has a set of bookmarks which can be downloaded. These bookmarks will be used by hundreds of people, elevating their tefillot, prayers.
If you would like to sponsor a bookmark in memory or in the merit of a family member, please email [email protected] $180 sponsors a bookmark. 
Watch the first class in this NEW series now!

We have a new Torat Imecha Newsletter for Parshat Nitzavim and it is available on our Newsletter page Click here for the printer friendly version, to share at your Shabbat table. Be sure to visit the homepage as well, for many more inspiring Torah classes!
 
Shabbat Shalom!

-Ashley Klapper and the Naaleh Crew
 
Teshuva Part 5
Based on Naaleh.com shiur by Rebbetzin Leah Kohn

The first Rashi in Bereishit asks the famous question, why did the Torah begin with Bereishit and not with the first mitzva of sanctifying the moon? Rashi explains that Hashem wanted to make clear to the nations that the whole world belongs to Him and that He can give it to whoever He so chooses. This will be our claim when the nations will accuse us of taking away their land, Eretz Yisrael. We can tell them the land belongs to Hashem who can decide to whom to give it.

The Ramban questions this. Why do we need all these arguments? If Hashem is in control why can't He just give us the land in a way that brooks no complaints from anyone? The Ramban explains that Hashem wanted to teach us something essential. The land is taken away from those who sin. Exile is not a punishment but a consequence.

There are two realities - the physical and spiritual, but in fact they are different expressions of the same thing. Every physical creation has a spiritual root. Although man is made up of a body and soul, his central aspect is his soul. His body is just a physical expression of his spiritual essence. This principle applies for all of creation.

When a person is connected to Hashem, it means he's spiritually in the right place. He can physically express this by living in the land that Hashem destined for him. When a person disconnects from Hashem, it reflects the physical reality of exile. The Torah began with Bereishit to teach us that we don't only live life in the physical reality. Although we can grasp it with our five senses without effort, it's only an expression of a spiritual reality that is much greater, more meaningful, and eternal.

Although we are in exile and very far from Hashem, we must remember that we have the ability to return. "Ner Hashem nishmat adam." The divine spark within us that connects us to our Creator remains with us forever no matter what we do and where we are. That is the connection between teshuva and geulah. Hashem says, "Shuva eilai ki g'altecha. Return to me because I am redeeming you." Coming back to Hashem is redemption, returning to where we belong. Chodesh Elul is hinted at in the verse, "Ani l'dodi v'dodi li." It's reaching that point of closeness to Hashem that our soul yearns for.

The Ari Hakadosh points out another verse that hints to the letters of Elul, "V'haElokim inah l'yado v'samti lecha." This refers to the unintentional murderer who must run to a city of refuge to save himself from the hands of those who want to take revenge on him. All along the way there were signs placed directing the murderer where to go. Although, he did something wrong and was forced to go into exile, to a place where he was not meant to be, Hashem would help him to repent and return. So too in Elul Hashem says, "No matter how far removed you are from Me, although your inner spark may be buried under layers of negativity and you may not feel any connection to Me, the month of Elul and the holy days that follow are opportunities like the cities of refuge, where you can run and seek Me. I will give you the signs how to get there." You just have to want to get there. Elul is a time to reconnect to Hashem, to return to the place where we were meant to be.

In Parshat Nitzavim the Torah says, "U'mol Hashem Elokecha et levavcha v'et levav zarecha." Hashem will circumcise your heart and the heart of your children. Circumcision removes something unwanted. Hashem will take away the negativity from our heart. When Mashiach comes we'll feel fully at home and at rest. We will no longer feel temptation to sin. We'll enjoy the closeness of Hashem. But we can reach something of that level even now. As we grow in our avodat Hashem, we begin to feel more at home with the Creator. For example, if I open my siddur and my heart pulls me towards the supermarket or the kitchen, that means I need to invest more in tefilah. The more effort I put in to developing my davening, the more joy and at home I will feel when I pray. That's true with every level of spiritual growth because it means we are on the path of returning to our true place. The journey might be difficult, but eventually when we reach our goal, we will feel the sense of euphoria of having arrived. The Torah tells us, "This commandment that I command you today is not hidden or distant from you." The Ramban says this refers to teshuva. It is not beyond us. If we believe in the divine spark within us, that Hashem is our father and that our aim is to get close to Him, then if we invest effort and show Him that this is what we truly desire, Hashem will circumcise our hearts and help us to get there.


Overcharging- Ona'a  
Based on Naaleh.com shiur by Dayan Shlomo Cohen

The Torah prohibition of ona'a prohibits a seller from overcharging a customer and a buyer from underpaying a seller. This is based on the verse in Vayikra, " And when you make a sale to a fellow Jew or buy from the hand of your fellow Jew, you shall not wrong one another." A seller is obligated to keep his prices in line with market prices, unless the customer knows the value of the item and is prepared to pay more.

What is considered overcharging? Chazal set three levels: The first level is if there's a deviation from the market price of less than a 1/6. The second level is where the deviation is more than a 1/6. The third level is where the deviation is exactly 1/6. When there's a deviation of less than 1/6, it's assumed the buyer or seller will accept it. Neither side can come with any complaint to the other. When the deviation is more than 1/6, the transaction is null and void. The seller must return the money, or the buyer must return the item. If the deviation was exactly 1/6, the transaction is binding but the extra money the buyer or seller paid must be returned.

Today most products don't have a fixed marked price. People don't usually buy and sell that way. However, generally one can identify a range of prices which is acceptable. We can then use this acceptable range to determine the upper and lower limits. The Shulchan Aruch along with other authorities rule that where there is no fixed market price, there is no prohibition of ona'a. However, the Bach and the Shach argue that even in a case where there is no fixed price, the law of exactly 1/6 is valid. The prohibition of charging more than a 1/6 or paying less than 1/6 also still apply. For example, if the price of a roll of standard quality cloth ranges between $100 and $150 and a buyer was charged $200 which is 1/6 more than the highest price for this item, the buyer may cancel his transaction and get a refund.

How does one calculate a fixed price? Does one take into account only the majority market or the minority market too? The authorities disagree about this. Besides market price, there are different venues for the same product where one can't really compare the prices. For example, ordering a coffee in the Hilton will naturally cost a lot more than ordering one from a local kiosk. Therefore the buyer cannot claim that he was overcharged. We also consider the service, comfort, and image that come along with the hotel price that the kiosk does not offer. Therefore one cannot compare identical items from different markets, only similar products in similar markets.

Sellers often latch on to a good excuse to overcharge, claiming that the buyer is willing to pay more than the norm for something he really needs. For example, when it rains the price on umbrellas may double. This is not correct business practice and is considered overcharging. There is a fixed price for umbrellas whether it's raining or not. If a seller has an oil painting of a sage for sale which on the open market would be worth a few hundred dollars, he cannot sell it to the grandson of the sage for thousands of dollars assuming that the grandson is willing to pay any price to get it. The seller may only charge the market price. If the grandson knows the market price and is still prepared to pay a higher price, then there is no problem of ona'a.

Opening The Gates Of The Machzor - Shofaros 
Based on Naaleh.com shiur by Mrs. Shoshie Nissenbaum

"Vayehi b'yom hashelishi v'anan kaveid al hahar." The first verse in the section of Shofarot directs us to an essential understanding of the meaning of the shofar. On the third day, after intense preparation, the Jewish people stood at the foot of Har Sinai and heard the voice of the shofar, which grew in intensity. Hashem revealed himself through a thick cloud on the mountain. When we recite this verse we ask Hashem, may we discern You through the heavy veil which conceals our mission, through the difficulties and tragedies that weigh us down, through the trivialities of this world that clouds our vision. Let us understand that everything comes from You out of goodness and love.
 
"Vayehi kol hashofar holech v'chazak meod Moshe yedaber v'haElokim ya'anenu b'kol." The voice of the shofar grew stronger and stronger, unlike the voice of a person which grows quieter as his voice wears out." We ask Hashem, just as the sound of the shofar emanated from the darkness, may we merit to reveal the awesomeness of Torah. Although we may face challenges and difficulties, may we stay strong and hold on fast to your teachings. Rav Kook notes that there are two steps to teshuva. At first, when we decide to repent we are filled with passion and love. But when we must actually do it, we suddenly begin to feel weak. We ask Hashem, just as the voice of the shofar grew stronger and stronger so too should our arousal to teshuva and our commitment to actually return grow stronger and stronger. When a person first begins exercising, his muscles may feel weak and painful. But as time goes on and he persists, not only does the pain disappear but he begins to enjoy it. So too teshuva may be difficult at the start but as time goes on, we can reach a spiritual state of true joy.
 
"V'chol h'am royim et hakolot v'et halapidim. The entire nation saw the voices and the lightning." We ask Hashem that every Jew should merit to hear the voice of the shofar, the voice of Hashem, and the voice of Torah. At the time of the giving of the Torah we were as one man with one heart. The entire nation witnessed the giving of the Torah. So too we ask Hashem, may all of Klal Yisrael witness your greatness, hear the voice of Torah, and be inspired to return.
 
Featured Classes
Opening The Gates Of The Machzor - Malchiyos
Mrs. Shoshie Nissenbaum
Parshat Nitzavim & Vayelech: Symbiotic Song
Mrs. Shira Smiles
Yaakov and Esav, Both Chosen at Birth
Rebbetzin Tziporah Heller
Please visit our Refua Shleima Page for a current list of Cholim.
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