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Diagram of the front foot showing the coffin joint and related structures. |
The coffin joint is located inside the horse's hoof. It is the joint that connects the coffin bone (also called the third phalanx or P3) to the pastern bone (also called the short pastern bone, second phalanx or P2). It is a common source of discomfort in the performance horse due to its location and the constant forces set upon it. It takes a huge amount of compression and torque within the confines of the inelastic space of the hoof capsule. Like other synovial joints in the horse's body, the coffin joint's response to concussion and extreme forces is to produce more synovial (joint) fluid, also call joint effusion. This process is particularly problematic in the coffin joint band horses can feel tremendous discomfort as the joint swells within the hoof capsule. Your vet will evaluate your horse for foot pain during the initial exam as well as seeing the horse in hand and/or under saddle. Additionally hoof testers
, flexion tests of the distal limbs, and regional analgesic blocks can all help to localize the source of lameness.
These diagnostic techniques, along with the rider's impressions of the horse and most importantly the evaluation of the horse's gait, will allow your veterinarian to determine if your horse is suffering from coffin joint synovitis( inflammation of the joint). Radiographs (X-rays) are often used to evaluate the condition of the the bones and joints and evidence of arthritis can be seen on radiographs and can help to guide proper treatment. Also, radiographs can be used to assist the farrier to maintain the hooves in proper balance to prevent abnormal stresses being placed on the joint and soft tissues of the foot. .
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Image produced by MRI showing great detail of soft tissues within hoof. |
There are many structures within the foot, including soft tissue structures that can be the cause of pain as well. If the horse is suspected of injuring a soft tissue structure within the foot, an MRI is the most accurate means to diagnose such an injury and guide proper treatment. While this can be an expensive diagnostic ($1500-$2500), it is
often covered by your major medical insurance policy.
If c
offin joint synovitis or coffin joint arthritis is diagnosed, treatment of the coffin joint with hyaluronic acid and steroids reduces the inflammation and pain within the joint, allowing the horse to again perform comfortably.
Common signs of coffin joint pain include:
-Shuffling gait
-Shorter stride in one direction versus the other
-Reluctance to jump or running off/bolting after landing from a jump
-Lower neck pain
-Pointing one foot while standing on cross ties or in the stall
If you notice any of these symptoms please contact us and make an appointment for a performance evaluation. Early detection and proper treatment can keep your horse performing at their best!