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Eating the seuda hamafsekes when erev Tisha B'av falls on Shabbos
When Tisha B'av falls on Sunday or Shabbos (and is postponed to Sunday), shalosh seudos on Shabbos afternoon must be completed before sunset. Although this meal serves as the seuda hamafsekes, there are no restrictions as to which foods may be served. Even meat and wine can be served as this meal. Although this meal is conducted on Shabbos, some Acharonim hold that it should be conducted in a mournful manner and without company. However, others hold that someone who typically hosts guests for shalosh seudos should not refrain from doing so on that Shabbos so as not to make a public statement of mourning on Shabbos.
(סעיף י, ס"ק כג-כד ושעה"צ ס"ק כב; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 23)
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Hilchos Tefillin 32 (page 94)
מאמצע הסעיף אם נגעו עד סעיף יט
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Attaching the Left Leg of the Heh or Kuf to the Top
The Components of the Aleph
The Yud is a Part of Which Letters?
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Attaching the left leg of the heh or kuf to the top
There is a halacha l'Moshe m'Sinai that the left leg of both the heh and the kuf must be "hung"-- i.e. it should not touch the top bar of the letter. Also, if the leg of the heh did connect to the top, the letter would look like a ches. If the left leg of either of these letters touches the top, the letter is pasul. There is an opinion that validates the letter if the attachment is minimal (a hair's breadth), as long as it appears separate and a child would identify it correctly. One can be lenient when this situation is combined with another mitigating factor.
(סעיף יט, ס"ק פג, וביה"ל ד"ה רגלי)
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The components of the aleph
The aleph is composed of three elements: a yud on the top right, a diagonal line (higher on the left than the right) and an inverted yud on the bottom. Each of two yuds touches the diagonal line with just its leg. This basic shape is a halacha l'Moshe m'Sinai and is required in order for the letter to be valid. The poskim discuss whether the bottom right point of the yud, known as 'Rabbenu Tam's point,' is required on the yuds of the aleph. B'dieved, the aleph is kosher without these points.
(סעיף יט, ס"ק פו, וביה"ל ד"ה או; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 126, 127 ו־133)
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The
yud is part of which letters?
Aside from the aleph, many other letters incorporate a yud: the ayin, the peh and long/open peh, the tzadi and long/open tzadi and the shin. All of these letters contain a yud-like feature - a short leg with a small top. If on any of these letters the yud was joined completely to the rest of the letter [with more than just the appropriate thin line connecting it]or the yud was composed of just a straight top line [without the leg], the letter is pasul. If a small point protrudes from the bottom left of the yud and touches the main body of the letter, the letter is kosher but the connector is a violation of mukaf gevil and must be removed.
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- Letters that touched at the time of writing are pasul because of mukaf gevil. If the individual forms are distinct, it is permissible to fix them by removing the offending ink. This is not considered chok tochos.
- Letters that touch in a way that they are no longer recognizable are pasul because they lack proper form (in addition to the problem of mukaf gevil) and will remain pasul after separation because of chok tochos.
- It is forbidden to erase a letter or even a small part of it from Hashem's name and its auxiliary letters (e.g. the Iong chaf after E-lokecha).
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- The sofer's declaration prior to writing
- The sofer's declaration prior to writing Hashem's name
- A sefer Torah in which one word was written lo lishma
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