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Hilchos Tefillin 46 (page 150)
מסעיף ט עד תחילת סימן מז
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Is it Permissible to Recite Ma Tovu Before Birchos Hashachar?
Reciting Shema in L'olam
Reciting Shema Ahead of the Minyan
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Is it permissible to recite Ma Tovu before Birchos Hashachar?
Every morning
Birchos haTorah are recited to cover the day's Torah studies. It is forbidden to study Torah prior to reciting these
berachos. According to the Mechaber, it is forbidden to recite
pesukim as part of
tefilos before
Birchos HaTorah. According to the Rama and others, it is technically permissible to recite
pesukim as part of
tefilos but customary not to. Accordingly,
Birchos haTorah should be recited prior to reciting
selichos,
Ma Tovu and other
pesukim said in the morning.
(
סעיף ט, ס"ק כז-כח, ושעה"צ ס"ק כד; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 34)
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The
pasuk of
Shema Yisrael (and in some
siddurim the entire first
parsha) was incorporated into
L'olam for those times when it is necessary to fulfill the
mitzva of
Shema at that juncture in
davening (see below). According to the Gra, the complete
pasuk is said only when attempting to fulfill the
mitzva during
L'olam. Otherwise, only half the
pasuk (
Shema Yisrael or
Hashem E-lokenu, Hashem Echad) is said. The
poskim discuss whether the passage should conclude with a
beracha.
(
סעיף ט, ס"ק לא, וביה"ל ד"ה כי)
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Reciting Shema ahead of the minyan
According to the Mechaber and Rama, if a
minyan will conclude the
berachos and
Shemoneh Esrei before the time of
Shemoneh Esrei, but will miss, or possibly miss, reciting
Shema before its correct time, an individual should include the entire
Shema (all three
parshios) when reciting
L'olam. He may then
daven along with the
minyan. It is possible that some
poskim disagree. If the
minyan will miss reciting the
berachos and
Shemoneh Esrei before the correct time, all
poskim agree that an individual should recite the entire
davening on time without the
minyan.
(
סעיף ט, ס"ק לא-לב, וביה"ל ד"ה כי וד"ה ויוצא; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 43, עם הרחבת המקור)
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- There is an opinion that women should recite the morning berachos in the feminine form, and that is the Sefardi custom. The Ashkenazi custom is that women recite these berachos in the masculine form.
- A ger tzedek does not recite the beracha "...Who did not make me a goy." There is discussion as to whether it is appropriate for him to recite a blessing "...Who made me a ger" or whether this phrasing is inappropriate since he chose to become a ger on his own volition.
- According to the Mechaber, Birchos Hashachar are to thank Hashem for every individual's blessings. As such, a blind man cannot recite pokeiach ivrim ("...Who opens the eyes of the blind") since he is blind. According to the Rama, these berachos speak of the general blessings in the world, and an individual who does not benefit from a particular blessing himself can still recite the beracha over it.
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- Are Birchos HaTorah required mid'oraisa or mid'rabonon?
- Which types of study are forbidden prior to Birchos HaTorah?
- What is the beracha upon concluding sleep?
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