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Hilchos Tefilla 108 (page 274)
מתחילת סימן קט עד אמצע סעיף א והוא הדין
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Responding to Devraim Sh'bekedusha
Starting Shemoneh Esrei After the Rest of the Congregation
Selecting Between Devraim Sh'bekedusha
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Responding to devarim sh'bekedusha
Someone who will begin
Shemoneh Esrei after the congregation already started may do so only if he will be able to complete the entire
tefilla (including
E-lokai, netzor) in time to respond to
kedusha, the
Amens following
Hakel Hakadosh and
Shomea Tefilla,
modim derabonon, and
yehei shmei rabbah of the first
kaddish after
Shemoneh Esrei. (According to some
poskim, this list also includes every
kaddish up to the final
barechu that is recited after
Shacharis and
Ma'ariv in some congregations; other
poskim add
birkas kohanim to the list.) If he cannot complete
Shemoneh Esrei in time for these responses, he must wait until after responding to all of them before beginning his
davening. If he is in the middle of
birchos kriyas Shema he must be careful to avoid pausing for as long as it would take to complete the
berachos. (He should instead proceed with
davening, stopping to insert several small breaks rather than one long one.) If the
davener has already completed the
beracha of
go'al Yisrael, he should continue davening without waiting at all. If the
tzibur is up to
modim derabonon, he should bow along with them.
(
סעיף א, ס"ק ב, ה ו־ו, וביה"ל ד"ה לקדושה; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 3 ו־11)
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Starting Shemoneh Esrei after the rest of the congregation
Making sure that one has enough time for
kedusha and the
Amens following
Hakel Hakadosh and
Shomea Tefilla is required only if he has not already responded to those passages yet and does not anticipate hearing them later in the day. The
poskim discuss whether the same is true of
kaddish. The
poskim debate whether it is permissible for one who wishes to start with the rest of the congregation to begin if he knows he will not complete his
tefilla in time for these responses. Many
poskim permit one to start
Shemoneh Esrei as the
chazan begins his repetition, to recite
kedusha along with the
chazan, and to pace oneself to conclude
Hakel Hakadosh and
Shomea Tefilla together with the
chazan. A person should aim to reach the beginning or end of
modim at the time that the congregation begins
modim d'rabonon.
(
ס"ק ב, ה ו־ז, וביה"ל ד"ה הנכנס; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 7, 10)
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Selecting between devarim sh'bekedusha
Someone who hears
devarim sh'bekedusha from two
minyanim or is unable to wait to hear the
devarim sh'bekedusha listed above because he must hurry to meet
zman tefilla should attempt to recite at least some of them in the following order of importance:
yehei sheme rabbah,
kedusha (if his
minyan will reach
kedusha before
kaddish or if he already responded to
kaddish that day, responding to
kedusha takes precedence),
barechu,
modim d'rabonon (some list
modim d'rabonon before
barechu; if he will be able to bow later when the
tzibur recites
modim d'rabonon,
barechu takes precedence), and the
Amens of
Hake-l Hakadosh and
Shomea Tefilla (which take precedence over the
Amens to other
berachos). Responding to these passages is of greater importance than
tefilla b'tzibur (this is the case, at least, when one is not commencing
tefilla at the same time as the rest of the
tzibur).
(
ביה"ל ד"ה לקדושה; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 12)
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- The poskim discuss whether or not someone who davened but made an error (e.g. he recited the weekday Shemoneh Esrei at Mincha on Shabbos or omitted ya'aleh v'yavo from Mincha on Rosh Chodesh) and did not realize his mistake until the day was over has fulfilled the basic obligation of tefilla. Therefore, he should daven with the stipulation that if the tefilla is not required, it should be considered voluntary.
- According to some poskim, if someone realized on Shabbos that he had switched v'sein tal umatar and v'sein beracha at Mincha on erev Shabbos (and should have repeated the Shemoneh Esrei), the rules are the same as in the previous case. Other poskim hold that making an error in this beracha is considered as not having davened at all, and that, in this case, both opinions cited above would agree that a makeup tefilla is required on Shabbos.
- If someone mistakenly recited ya'aleh 'yavo or al hanisim or the special passages inserted during aseres yemei teshuva that mention being written in the Book of Life on the wrong occasions, he should restart the beracha. If he already completed the beracha, he should continue on as usual.
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- Davening along with the chazan
- Answering to other Kedushos during Shemoneh Esrei
- Pacing oneself when Davening with the Chazan
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PLEASE NOTE: The information in this email is for learning purposes only. Please review the Mishna Berura and Biurim U'Musafim before making a halachic decision. Hebrew words are occasionally transliterated to enable a smoother reading of the text. Common Ashkenazi pronunciation is generally used in these cases.
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