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Hilchos Tefilla 90 (page 243)
מסעיף ח עד סעיף י
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Tefilla B'tzibur
Dividing a Large Group Into Subgroups to Make Minyanim for Multiple Chiyuvim
Other Forms of Tefilla B'tzibur
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According to some
poskim,
davening with a
minyan is mandatory, while others hold that this is just an ideal. Given a choice between
davening with a
minyan or hearing
kriyas haTorah, it is preferable to opt for
davening with the
minyan. A
minyan for
Shacharis takes priority over a
minyan for
Musaf.
Tefilla b'tzibur is when there are ten men
davening together. According to some
poskim, all ten must
daven as a unit, while others hold that only six of the ten must be
davening. Ideally, all members of the
minyan should begin
Shmoneh Esrei in unison. If someone joins a group which is already
davening, the level of
tefilla b'tzibur he achieves is questionable.
(
סעיף ט וס"ק כח; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 18, 23, 24, 26 ו־27)
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Dividing a large group into subgroups to make minyanim for multiple chiyuvim
The rule of
b'rov am teaches that it is always preferable to perform
mitzvos together with a large group. When choosing between two comparable shuls (i.e. both have equal decorum,
nusach, customs, etc.), one should opt for the shul with larger attendance. Some
poskim were opposed to the practice of dividing a large group into smaller ones to allow several
aveilim to each lead their own
minyan. Other
poskim approved the practice because the benefit it provides to the soul of the deceased is greater than the need for
rov am. A middle opinion permits dividing the large group before
davening commences, but not once the people have already begun
pesukei d'zimra.
(
ס"ק כח; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 21-22; וראה עוד שם)
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Other forms of tefilla b'tzibur
Someone who is unable to join a
minyan for
davening has several options for making his
tefilla into more of a
tefilla b'tzibur. If he cannot attend shul, he should try to recite his
Shemoneh Esrei at the same time that the
minyan says it in shul. If he arrived in shul after they completed
Shemoneh Esrei, he should aim to recite his
tefilla while they are reciting
Ashrei/Uva L'tzion or Mussaf, when applicable. If these options are unavailable, he should attempt to
daven in the shul because
tefillos recited there receive a better reception in Heaven. Likewise, it is preferable to
daven with a
minyan in shul than with a
minyan in one's home or other location.
(
סעיף ט וס"ק כז, ל ו־לג; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו)
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- Shemoneh Esrie requires awe and submission, and should be recited in a place with walls (a roof is not necessary) to be conducive to this mentality. Chazal call someone who davens in an open area chatzuf (brazen).
- One should daven only in rooms with windows facing Yerushalayim. There is no maximum number of windows a shul can have, but according to the Zohar it is proper that a shul should have at least twelve windows.
- Someone who must daven outside of a shul should not daven with his back towards the shul or facing a direction opposite to the one that the congregants face. If someone realized in the middle of davening that he is facing the wrong direction, he should turn around -- even during Shemoneh Esrei.
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- Davening ahead of the minyan
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PLEASE NOTE: The information in this email is for learning purposes only. Please review the Mishna Berura and Biurim U'Musafim before making a halachic decision. Hebrew words are occasionally transliterated to enable a smoother reading of the text. Common Ashkenazi pronunciation is generally used in these cases.
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