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 Hilchos Tefilla 104-106 (page 266)
 מסעיף ז עד סימן קו סעיף ב


Women's Obligation to Daven
The Obligation of Women with Small Children to Daven
Listening to Kaddish During Shemoneh Esrei

Women's obligation to daven
According to the Rambam, the obligation to daven mid'oraisa mandates that a person recite one tefilla of praise, request and thanks daily. According to the Ramban and many other poskim, there is no Biblical requirement to daven, but someone who does daven fulfills a mitzva. According to all, the text and the prescribed times for davening are mid'rabonon. According to the Rambam, women are exempt from tefilla. According to the Ramban and many other poskim, their requirement to daven is in many ways equal to that of men, except that women are exempt from tefillas Arvis and kriyas Shema with its preceding berachos. According to this opinion, women are still responsible for remembering the exodus from Mitzrayim and the beracha after Shema. Despite their exemption, women should recite the first pasuk of Shema -- and according to some the entire Shema -- and they are permitted to recite the berachos before it.
( סימן קו, סעיף א וס"ק ד; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 9, 14, 17, 18 ו־19)
The obligation of women with small children to daven
A woman who must care for her children and cannot daven properly should recite at least one short tefilla to fulfill the Torah obligation to daven. Some women satisfy this requirement by reciting birchos hashachar and the yehi ratzon that follows it. Other women suffice with saying Modeh ani, which contains a praise and thanks, and then adding a request of their own. Some poskim note that although women may technically be exempt from tefilla because of constraints on their time, many do find the time to recite the complete davening. Other poskim write that women should recite at least:   birchos haTorah, birchos hashachar, parshas hatamid, Baruch Sheamar, Ashrei, Yishtabach, Shema and all of its berachos, and Shemoneh Esrei.
( סימן קו, ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 7-8)
Listening to kaddish during Shemoneh Esrei
Someone who hears kaddish, kedusha or barechu while davening Shemoneh Esrei should not respond. Instead, he should fulfill his obligation by stopping and listening to the chazan. He should do this even if he already heard kaddish, etc., that day or is expecting to hear them later. If interrupting will disrupt his concentration or he cannot hear the chazan (e.g. the chazan is too far away), he should continue davening. Kaddish in this context refers to the words from yehei shemei rabbah until yisbarach, and kedusha refers to the pesukim of kadosh and baruch, although it is permissible to listen to the entire kedusha. For barechu he should wait until the congregation's response. The poskim discuss whether he should pause for birchas kohanim or kriyas haTorah.
( סימן קד, סעיף ז וס"ק כו-כח; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 36, 37, 38 ו־40)



 
  • According to the Mechaber, if one paused during Shemoneh Esrei for long enough to complete the tefilla (the berachos without E-lokai, nitzor), he must restart Shemenoeh Esrei.
  • According to the Mechaber, someone who stopped in the middle of a beracha for long enough to complete that beracha must restart the beracha. According to the Rama, however, he only restarts the beracha if the pause was the result of an ones.
   

  • The exemption of someone who is occupied with Torah
  • When is it permitted to study Torah before davening?
  • Is someone who teaches Torah in public mandated to recite Shema and Shemoneh Esrei?

 
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PLEASE NOTE:  The information in this email is for learning purposes only. Please review the Mishna Berura and Biurim U'Musafim before making a halachic decision. Hebrew words are occasionally transliterated to enable a smoother reading of the text. Common Ashkenazi pronunciation is generally used in these cases.