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Hilchos Kriyas Shema 67 (page 203)
מתחילת סימן סז עד תחילת סימן סח
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Whether to Recite a Blessing When Performing a Mitzvah D'oraisa in a Case of Doubt
How to Fulfill the Obligation to Remember Yetziyas Mitzrayim
Reciting Birchos K'riyas Shema When in Doubt Whether it was Already Recited
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Whether to recite a blessing when performing a mitzvah d'oraisa in a case of doubt
One who is uncertain if he is obligated in a
mitzvah d'oraisa (for example, during
bein hash'mashos when uncertain if it is the proper time for the mitzvah, or if unsure whether the mitzvah applies to him), must perform the mitzvah without a blessing. If one is definitely obligated in the mitzvah, but is in doubt whether or not he already fulfilled the obligation, some say that he should recite the blessing because there is sufficient halachic basis (
chazaka d'mei'ikara and
raglayim l'davar) to assume that he has not yet fulfilled his obligation; however the accepted opinion is not to recite the blessing.
(
ס"ק א; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 1-3)
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How to fulfill the obligation to remember yetziyas mitzrayim
One may fulfill the minimal obligation to remember
yetziyas mitzrayim by reciting a verse or a
halachah which mentions the exodus from Egypt anytime during the day and during the night. Even an informal statement declaring that Hashem took us out of Egypt is sufficient. There are different views among the
poskim whether one is
yotzei by mentioning
yetziyas mitzrayim verbally if he is not aware of the meaning of what he is saying. Chazal ordained that it be fulfilled with the verses of the third
parsha of
K'riyas
Shema, and specifically during the time of
K'riyas Shema. They also composed a blessing after
K'riyas Shema to mention
yetziyas mitzrayim.
(
ס"ק ג; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 4-7)
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Reciting Birchos K'riyas Shema when in doubt whether it was already recited
If one is uncertain whether he recited
K'riyas Shema and its blessings, he should repeat
K'riyas Shema together with the entire
Birchos K'riyas Shema. If one is uncertain regarding a part of
K'riyas Shema, he should repeat that part along with any blessings regarding which he is uncertain; unless the uncertainty is specifically with regards to the last
parsha and the last blessing, in which case he only needs to repeat one of them. In the morning, he should repeat the
parsha, and at night he should repeat the blessing. If one is certain that he has not yet recited
K'riyas Shema, but is uncertain whether he recited its blessings, there is dispute among the
poskim whether he should repeat the blessings along with reciting
K'riyas Shema.
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- The blessing of Ge'ulah must include the Kingship of Hashem, yetziyas mitzrayim, keriyas yam suf, and makkas bechoros.
- One should delay beginning Shemoneh Esrei and wait at the words "shira chadasha" in order to respond to d'varim sheb'kdusha.
- It is forbidden to interrupt between the end of the blessing of Ge'ulah and beginning Shemoneh Esrei. On weekdays, this applies even to responding to a davar sheb'kdusha; but on Shabbos this is permitted.
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- Switching from one nusach to another
- What one is required to say according to the congregation's nusach
- Possible deviations from the text of a blessing which may be valid
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PLEASE NOTE: The information in this email is for learning purposes only. Please review the Mishna Berura and Biurim U'Musafim before making a halachic decision. Hebrew words are occasionally transliterated to enable a smoother reading of the text. Common Ashkenazi pronunciation is generally used in these cases.
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