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Hilchos Berachos 55-56 (page 177)
מסימן נה סעיף כב עד סימן נו אמצע סעיף א ולא יפסיק
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Activities Forbidden While Listening to Kaddish
Reciting Kaddish Softly
Must Kaddish be Recited According to the Local Custom?
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Activities forbidden while listening to kaddish
Every individual must listen to the recitation of
kaddish even if there are ten men listening without him. It is necessary to be fully focused when responding to
kaddish; a person should not talk, involve himself in other activities, or even think about other things (including Torah) during
kaddish. This rule pertains to all mandatory
kaddeishim, whether during
davening (e.g. the
kaddish after
Yishtabach or the
Kaddish Yasom after
Aleynu) or after the study of Tanach or Aggadeta. The Rishonim warn of the severe punishments for those who speak during
kaddish.
(
סימן נו, סעיף א וס"ק א; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 2)
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The words of
kaddish must be recited loud enough for the congregation to hear them. Someone who whispers
kaddish gives the impression that he doesn't really want people to answer his call to praise Hashem. Some
poskim derive from this that in shuls where only one person at a time is permitted to recite
kaddish out loud, it is forbidden for other members of the congregation to recite
kaddish quietly along with him. According to other
poskim, since one person is reciting
kaddish out loud, the quiet recitation of
kaddish by others does not give the impression that they are hesitant to praise Hashem.
(
סימן נו, ס"ק ב; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 11)
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Must kaddish be recited according to the local custom?
There are slight variations in the wording of
kaddish depending upon the
nusach of the shul. The noticeable difference is that the words
vayatzmach purkanei, etc., do not appear in
nusach Ashkenaz. When there is a difference between the
nusach one is accustomed to and the
nusach of the shul, the mourner should recite the shul's version. Some
poskim, however, permit reciting
kaddish according to the custom of the mourner. Some Sefardic
poskim hold that the mourner should always recite the main body of
kaddish (the first half) according to the Sefardic version, which is preferred according to
kabbalah, and the latter part of
kaddish according to the shul's version. This opinion also holds that if there is potential for discord, the shul's custom should be followed.
(
סימן נו, ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 8)
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- When a minyan is davening in one room, an individual davening away from the group in a nearby room is not considered to be davening with the tzibur unless the only entrance to the main room of the minyan is through the room where the individual is davening.
- Some poskim hold that a person standing outside a shul is required to respond to kaddish, kedusha and Barechu when he hears them from the minyan inside. Some poskim exempt him from responding, particularly if responding will interrupt his Torah study or davening.
- If someone who lives in an area that has just enough people for a minyan wants to go away for the Yamim Noraim, he must hire a replacement to take his place at the minyan.
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- Responding to kaddish and kedusha at once
- Responding to kaddish in a voice louder than the one reciting it
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PLEASE NOTE: The information in this email is for learning purposes only. Please review the Mishna Berura and Biurim U'Musafim before making a halachic decision. Hebrew words are occasionally transliterated to enable a smoother reading of the text. Common Ashkenazi pronunciation is generally used in these cases.
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