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Hilchos Tefillin 32 (page 111)
מסעיף נ עד תחילת סימן לג


Forming Hashem's Name Through Tying the Tefillin
Forming Hashem's Name with the Tefillin Shel Rosh
Gluing the Tefillin in Addition to Sewing Them

Forming Hashem's name through tying the tefillin
The retzuos of the shel rosh are knotted in the form of a daled and the retzuos of the shel yad are knotted in the form of a yud. Together with the shin on the side of the shel rosh, these letters comprise one of Hashem's names. According to the Rama, it is preferable that the letters be formed in the order that they appear in that name: first the shin is fashioned on the shel rosh, then the daled is knotted on the shel rosh straps, and finally the yud is knotted on the shel yad straps.There is an opinion that the style of the knots is dictated by a halacha l'Moshe m'Sinai and they must be fixed if they were formed incorrectly.
( סעיף נב וס"ק רלב-רלג)
Forming Hashem's name with the tefillin shel rosh 
There is a question about how to form the dales out of the retzuos of the shel rosh. According to some, the knot itself should be a simple daled. Others hold that the daled is formed by the retzuos extending from the knot, but that the knot itself should be shaped like a closed mem. A third opinion holds that the retzuos should form a double daled. According to the simple reading of the Mishna Berura and the consensus of the Acharonim, the knot should take the form of a single daled, but there is an opinion that understands the Mishna Berura to be favoring the mem knot.
( סעיף נב וס"ק רלג; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 259; וראה ביה"ל ד"ה ויעשה)
 
Gluing the tefillin in addition to sewing them
The bayis should be sewn closed with a single thread of [braided] sinew. On the shel rosh, the thread should pass through the three spaces between the four compartments. The stitching is done on the titura, with three doubled stitches on each side. A double stich is one that passes on both the top and bottom of the area being closed. The tefillin should not be glued prior to the stitching (and according to some poskim, even after the stitching) because of concern that the glue could make the stitching batul. Today, based on the authority of many contemporary poskim as well as prior custom, most tefillin are glued -- at least in part -- after the stitching.
( סעיף נא, ס"ק רכח-רל, וביה"ל ד"ה יתפור; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 257; ובהתאם למקובל)



 

  • The tefillin scrolls are inserted upright, with the top of the script pointing to the top of the tefillin, similar to the way a sefer Torah is stored in the Aron Kodesh. If they were inserted with the script lying horizontally, they are kosher b'dieved.
  • All four parshios of the shel yad are to be written on one parchment. If they were written on separate pieces and inserted into the shel yad, they are kosher b'dieved. According to the Rama, they can be attached using glue made from a kosher animal.
  • A halacha l'Moshe m'Sinai teaches that the tefillin and titura should be sewn with sinews of a kosher animal. There is a preference to use the giddin from the animal's heel because those are white. Preferably, the sinews should come from a bull.



  • If a hole developed in the walls of a bayis

  • Tefillin that were cut with a knife


  • Differentiating between new and old tefillin

 

 

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