When to recite selichos
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The custom of the
Sefardim is to begin saying
selichos from the second day of Rosh Chodesh Elul and continue until
erev Yom Kippur. The
minhag of the
Ashkenazim is to start from the Sunday before Rosh Hashanah. The ideal is to recite
selichos at night, just before dawn, because that period is an
eis ratzon. However, there are established customs, dating back several generations, that permit saying
selichos in middle of the night (after
chatzos) or in the morning after
alos hashachar. Someone who did not recite
selichos before dawn or early in the morning may say it at any time during the day. According to some
poskim, under extenuating circumstances (and on a one-time basis)
selichos may be recited in the evening before
chatzos.
(
סימן תקפא, סעיף א, הקדמת המשנ"ב וס"ק א; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 1)
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Hilchos Tefillin 37-38 (page 130)
מסעיף ג עד סימן לח סעיף ד
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The Obligation of Chinuch with Respect to Tefillin
May Women Wear Tefillin?
Who Must Don His Tefillin Only After Reciting Ahavah Rabbah?
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The obligation of chinuch with respect to tefillin
According to the Mechaber, a father is responsible to educate a minor child to wear
tefillin if the child is capable of caring for them. According to the Rama, minors should not wear
tefillin because most children are incapable of caring for them properly. Children should begin wearing
tefillin only two or three months (one month, according to contemporary custom) before becoming
bar mitzva.
(
סימן לז, סעיף ג, ס"ק ט, י ו־יב, וביה"ל ד"ה ויש; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 12)
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May women wear tefillin?
Women are exempt from
tefillin (which are worn only on weekdays but not on Shabbos) as they are from all time-bound
mitzvos
aseh. Although women may perform other time-bound
mitzvos if they wish, they may not wear
tefillin. There is an opinion which views the use of
tefillin by people who are exempt from the
mitzva as a disgrace to the
tefillin.
(
סימן לח, סעיף ג; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 9)
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Who must don his
tefillin after reciting
Ahava Rabbah?
A person who is incapable of keeping himself clean while wearing
tefillin is exempt from wearing
tefillin and forbidden to do so. If he is capable of staying clean for just a short span, he should don them (with a
beracha) between Ahava Rabbah and Shema and remove them immediately after Shema. If he can wear them longer without becoming soiled, he should keep them on until after Shemone Esrei.
(
סימן לח, סעיף א-ב וס"ק ב, ד, ז ו־ט)
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- According to some poskim,tefillin - m'doraisa --are to be worn the entire day (and night, but the Chachamim banned wearing tefillin at night). Other poskim hold that the mitzva is to wear them for at least one second sometime during the day, and preferably throughout the entire day.
- According to some poskim, the halacha for someone who wore tefillin based on a chazaka that they were kosher but later learned (after an inspection) that they had never been kosher is similar to the halacha in the case of a kohen who served on the mizbayach before it was discovered that he was disqualified: whatever avoda he had done is considered kosher.
- Chazal viewed the recitation of Shema without tefillin as akin to bearing false witness. However, a person should not wait for tefillin if it is possible that zman kriyas Shema will pass before he has a chance to put them on.
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- May an avel wear tefillin in public?
- Why must an avel remove his tefillin when crying?
- The difference between news of a recent death and an earlier death
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