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Hilchos Brachos 53 (page 162)
מסימן נג אמצע הסעיף ושלא יצא עליו עד סעיף ו
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Choosing a Chazan
Appointing a Ba'al Teshuva as a Chazan
Must the Chazan Recite His Personal Shemoneh Esrei in the Same Nusach He Will Use for Chazaras Hashatz?
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Choosing a chazan
A person with a bad reputation should not be appointed as a
chazan, even if the alleged incident occurred in his youth and he has since repented. The
poskim discuss whether he is disqualified for a single violation or only for regular transgressions. Also discussed is whether the rule pertains to the daily
chazan or to the special
chazan appointed for
tanisei tzibur and the Yamim Noraim. The conclusion is to permit someone with one allegation against him to be the everyday
chazan, but not to be the special
chazan for
tanisei tzibur and the Yamim Noraim.
(
סעיף ד-ה, ס"ק טז, כ, כא ו־כב, וביה"ל ד"ה דמכל)
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Appointing a ba'al teshuva as chazan
A
chazan who had a bad reputation in the past but now acts appropriately should not be removed from his post because of unsubstantiated rumors. Even if the rumors are later confirmed, he should not be removed if he has repented. These rules are limited to people who were raised in the way of the Torah. People who sinned before they were aware of proper Torah conduct (e.g. today's
ba'alei teshuva) are not penalized for their previous ways.
(
ס"ק טו; ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 31)
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Must the
chazan recite his personal
Shemoneh Esrei in the same
nusach he will use to recite
chazaras hashatz?
According to some
poskim, a
chazan whose native
nusach is different than that of the shul where he
davens can recite his personal
Shemoneh Esrei in his own
nusach and
chazaras hashatz in the shul's
nusach. For example, someone who typically
davens Ashkenaz but is serving as the
chazan in a shul that
davens Sefard can recite his personal
Shemoneh Esrei in
nusach Ashkenaz and
chazaras hashatz in
nusach Sefard. When reciting
chazaras hashatz, he should be mindful of the differences in
nusach and be careful to stick to the
nusach of the shul. Others hold that the
chazan must recite his personal
Shemoneh Esrei in the
nusach he will use for
chazaras hashatz, since the primary purpose of the
chazan's personal
Shemoneh Esrei is to prepare him for
chazaras hashatz.
(
ביאורים ומוספים דרשו, 27)
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- If a minyan has not arrived by the time the chazan completes pesukei d'zimra, he should wait for the minyan before beginning Yishtabach. The rest of the congregation, however, should recite Yishtabach right away so that that the beracha will be said immediately after the mizmorim.
- Someone who did not have tallis and tefillin when he began pesukei d'zimra and received them in middle of reciting them should complete whatever passage he is in middle of and then don the tallis and tefillin with the appropriate berachos.
- A disabled person can serve as a chazan. He brings the added benefit of a 'broken heart,' which - as the pasuk in Tehillim says -- Hashem will not reject. Some poskim disapprove of having a disabled person serve as chazan, particularly on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur.
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- Is one who serves as chazan required to have a beard?
- Adulthood for mitzvosd'rabonon
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