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Thin Films Research

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Thin-Films Research, Inc.

270 Littleton Road

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pfeiffer

Leak-free Rotary Vane Pumps
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Pfeiffer Vacuum, Inc
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BellowsTech, LLC 

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Hiden 
 
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or [1] 734 542 6666 (USA)
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Filmetrics

  Filmetrics

USB-Powered Reflectometer for Thin-Film Measurement 

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Filmetrics, Inc.

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Ulvac
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Ferrotec

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YTI

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Inficon Sept 2011

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Comdel

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SVC TechCon 2014
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May 3-8, 2014
2014 TechCon

Technical Program:
May 5-8, 2014

Exhibit: May 6-7, 2014

Education Program: May 3-8, 2014

Networking: throughout the entire conference.

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October 2013
In This Issue
New Transparent Conductors Take on ITO For Touch-Screen and Display Applications.
Plasmonic Black Metals, a Pathway to More Efficient Photovoltaics
Emerging Applications Spur Demand for Thin Layer Deposition Equipment
2014 SVC TechCon Promotional Partners
New Nanoscale Indenter Takes Novel Approach to Measuring Surface Properties
Graphene Reinforced Alumina Tougher and More Conductive Than Plain Alumina
How Squid and Octopus Might Point the Way to Nanotechnology
Superior Performing ITO-Alternative Transparent Metal Grid Electrodes Fabricated Using Proprietary Nanolithography Technology
Device Captures Signatures With Tiny Piezo-Photonic LEDs
First Car With a Three-Dimensional OLED Rear Lighting Concept
Two Become One With the 3D NanoChemiscope, Unique Surface Analysis
Hybrid fabrication makes better plasmonic nanostructures for SERS
New Transparent Conductors Take on ITO For Touch-Screen and Display Applications
From Information Display vol. 29, no 4, July/August, 2013 by Paul Semenza (NPD DisplaySearch):  
"ITO has been a staple of flat-panel display manufacturing for decades and has been in great demand from the growing touch-screen industry.  Limitations of cost and performance, as well as concerns over availability, have led to the search for a replacement material.

Several different approaches are under development for the mass production of high-performance transparent conductors at low cost. Each of these approaches has features and limitations; in addition, the level of process maturity and supply chain also vary greatly.  The five materials below are reviewed for their pros, cons and their manufacturers.

*    Metal mesh
*    Silver nanowire; nanoparticle 
*    Conductive polymer
*    Carbon nanotube
*    Graphene

It is likely that ITO replacement materials will make an initial impact in large touch screens for notebooks and all-in-one PCs because cost is critical in these applications and ITO provides good cost/performance in smaller touch panels and displays.  Metal-mesh and silver nanowire/nanoparticle approaches have begun to compete for ITO replacement, and it is likely that other solutions will come to market soon.  However, it is too early to declare that one or more of these approaches will significantly displace ITO."
 
Source: Read the full article... 

Information Display: informationdisplay.org 

Image: Wikipedia      

Plasmonic Black Metals, a Pathway to More Efficient Photovoltaics 
From Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, July 30, 2013, by Kenneth K. Ma:
"The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
Materials Engineering Division (MED) research team has made breakthroughs experimenting with black metals. These nanostructured metals are designed to have low reflectivity and high absorption of visible and infrared light. The MED research team published their black metals research results in a cover-page article in Applied Physics Letters titled "Plasmonic Black Metals in Resonant Nanocavities
 
It  describes the team's concept of black metals, which are not classic metals but can be thought of as an extension of the black silicon concept. When silicon is treated in a certain way, such as being roughened at the nanoscale level, it traps light by multiple reflections, increasing its solar absorption. This gives the silicon a black surface that's able to better trap the full sun's wavelength spectrum.

Similarly, black metals are produced by some sort of random nanostructuring -- either in gold or silver. The team developed a method to improve and control the absorption efficiency and basically turn the metals as black as they want, allowing them to increase, on demand, the absorption of a higher quantity of solar wavelengths. They built nanopillar structures that are trapping and absorbing all the relevant wavelengths of the entire solar spectrum
."

Source: Read the full article... 

LLNL:  llnl.gov 

Image: LLNL     

Emerging Applications Spur Demand for Thin Layer Deposition Equipment 
From PRWEB, September 5, 2013:
"Global Industry Analysts, Inc. has published a report titled 'Thin Layer Deposition Equipment: A Global Strategic Business Report'. "The global market for Thin Layer Deposition Equipment is projected to reach US$18.5 billion by 2018, driven by emerging applications in medical imaging devices, specialty packaging and industrial coatings.
  • ALD equipment is set to witness considerable demand in the short to medium term period, with ALD process finding large-scale adoption in several end-use application areas. ALD equipment is expected to witness increased adoption as a manipulation and fabrication tool in nanotechnology. Furthermore, the ALD equipment market is projected to witness increasing demand from non-IC and IC applications. A marked trend towards miniaturization of components is also driving the market, given the technology's proven efficiency in fabrication of smaller size components. ALD equipment will also find increased adoption in production of other advanced devices such as OLEDs.
  • Thin layer deposition equipment's largest and the fastest growing market is in Asia-Pacific, with a projected CAGR of 4.9% over the analysis period. PVD equipment represents the largest product market. Over the years, PVD equipment makers have diversified into a variety of high volume, low cost applications such as information storage, optics, medical instruments, industrial coatings, automotive and aerospace components and specialty/flexible packaging." 
Source: Read the full article...
PRWEB: prweb.com
Image: Dennis Schroeder / NREL    
2014 SVC TechCon Promotional Partners
The following publications and organizations are playing an important role promoting the 2014 SVC TechCon within and outside the vacuum coating community.
 
Photonics Media - the Pulse of the Industry - invites you to explore the world of light-based technology. As the publisher of Photonics Spectra, BioPhotonics and EuroPhotonics magazines, Photonics Buyers' Guide, Photonics.com, and more, we bring you the news, research and applications articles you need to succeed.  Visit www.Photonics.com for your FREE subscriptions and much more. 


See all the 2014 SVC TechCon Promotional Partners Here.
If you are Interested in promoting the SVC 2014 TechCon to your readers or members, contact [email protected] for details on becoming a Promotional Partner.
New Nanoscale Indenter Takes Novel Approach to Measuring Surface Properties
From NIST Tech Beat, July 23, 2013:  
  "Researchers from NIST and the University of North Carolina have demonstrated a new design for an instrument, an "instrumented nanoscale indenter," that makes sensitive measurements of the mechanical properties of thin films-ranging from auto body coatings to microelectronic devices-and biomaterials. The NIST instrument uses a unique technique for precisely measuring the depth of the indentation in a test surface with no contact of the surface other than the probe tip itself.
The NIST solution is a touchless surface detector that uses a pair of tiny quartz tuning forks. When the tuning forks get close to the test surface, the influence of the nearby mass changes their frequency-not much, but enough. The nanoindenter uses that frequency shift to "lock" the position of the indenter mechanism at a fixed distance from the test surface, but without exerting any detectable force on the surface itself
."


Source: Read the full article...
NIST: nist.gov
Image: NIST / Nowakowski   
Graphene Reinforced Alumina Tougher and More Conductive Than Plain Alumina
From Graphenea, August 19, 2013, by Marko Spasenovic: 
"Graphene can reinforce ceramics, simultaneously making them conductive. That's what Graphenea's most recent scientific work demonstrates.

The team of researchers found that when a bit of graphene is added to the ceramic alumina, the material becomes up to 50% less likely to break under strain, a feature highly desired for many end uses of ceramics. Furthermore, the method is simple, fast, and upscalable, making it virtually ready for industrial application. The team believes that the same method could be used for reinforcing other ceramic materials, such as silicon carbide, silicon nitride, titania, and zirconia. What's more, the addition of graphene makes alumina a hundred million times more conductive to electricity.

Graphenea's new process, published in the Journal of the European Chemical Society, starts with graphene oxide, a commercially-available bottled graphene solution. After mixing with aluminium oxide (alumina), a process known as spark plasma sintering (SPS) is applied to homogenize the graphene/alumina mixture. SPS drives a large electrical current through the mixture, having the final product ready in minutes.

Their work is published in Journal of European Ceramic Society, "Graphene for tough and electroconductive alumina ceramics."
 
      

Source: Read the full article...

Graphenea: graphenea.com    

Image: Graphenea    

How Squid and Octopus Might Point the Way to Nanotechnology-Based Stealth Coatings
From Nanowerk Spotlight, August 12, 2013:
"For a long time, scientists have been fascinated by the dramatic changes in color used by marine creatures like squids and octopuses, but they never quite understood the mechanism responsible for this. Only recently they found out that a neurotransmitter sets in motion a cascade of events that culminate in the addition of phosphate groups to a family of unique proteins called reflectins. This process allows the proteins to condense, driving the animal's color-changing process. The latest findings revealed that there is a nanoscale mechanism behind cephalopods' ability to change color.

Having begun to unravel the natural mechanisms behind these amazing abilities, researchers are trying to use this knowledge to make artificial camouflage coatings. New work at the Henry Samueli School of Engineering at the University of California, Irvine, addresses the challenge of making something appear and disappear when visualized with standard infrared detection equipment.

The research is reported in the online edition of 
Advanced Materials ("Reconfigurable Infrared Camouflage Coatings from a Cephalopod Protein")."

 
Source: Read the full article...
Nanowerk:  nanowerk.com
Image: Nanowerk 
Superior Performing ITO-Alternative Transparent Metal Grid Electrodes Fabricated Using Proprietary Nanolithography Technology
From Rolith, Inc. August 8, 2013
"Rolith, Inc., a leader in developing advanced nanostructured devices, announces the successful demonstration of Transparent Metal Grid Electrode technology based on its disruptive nanolithography method (Rolling Mask Lithography - RMLTM).

ITO material is a standard solution for transparent electrodes so far. Apart from a considerable cost and limited supply of this material, it has additional problems: high reflectance of this material reduces contrast ratio, and optical properties degrade rapidly which limits the size of display produced using ITO without degradation of performance. The only viable alternative to ITO is a metal wire grid.

Rolith, Inc. has used its proprietary nanolithography technology called Rolling Mask Lithography (RMLTM) for fabrication of transparent metal wire grid electrodes on large areas of substrate materials. Transparent metal electrodes on glass substrates were fabricated in the form of submicron width nanowires, lithographically placed in a regular 2-dimentional grid pattern with a period of tens of microns, and thickness of a few hundreds of nanometers. Such metal structure is evaluated as completely invisible to the human eye, highly transparent with a very low haze, and low resistivity"
 

Source: Read the full article... 

Rolith, Inc.: rolith.com   

Image: Rolith, Inc.    

Device Captures Signatures With Tiny Piezo-Photonic LEDs
From Georgia Institute of Technology, August 11, 2013:   
"Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology want to put your signature up in lights - tiny lights. Using thousands of nanometer-scale wires, the researchers have developed a sensor device that converts mechanical pressure - from a signature or a fingerprint - directly into light signals that can be captured and processed optically.

Individual ZnO nanowires that are part of the device operate as tiny LEDs when placed under strain from the mechanical pressure, allowing the device to provide detailed information about the amount of pressure being applied. Known as piezo-phototronics, the technology provides a new way to capture information about pressure applied at very high resolution: up to 6,300 dots per inch.  Grown atop a GaN film, the nanowires create pixeled light emitters whose output varies with the pressure, creating an electroluminescent signal that can be integrated with on-chip photonics for data transmission, processing and recording.

The research was published in on-line journal Nature Photonics ("High resolution electroluminescent imaging of pressure distribution using a piezoelectric nanowire-LED array,"). It was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the National Science Foundation, and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences."
   
Source: Read the full article...

Georgia Institute of Technology: news.gatech.edu

Image: Georgia Institute of Technology
First Car With a Three-Dimensional OLED Rear Lighting Concept
From Philips News Center, July 11, 2013:
"The members of the OLED 3D research consortium presented a world first: the development of large-area, three-dimensional OLEDs and their use in the rear lighting of a vehicle for the first time.  This demonstrates the extent to which this new lighting technology will change the appearance of vehicles in the future.

The three and a half-year project received € 5.7 million ($7.6 million USD) in funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.  The consortium was led by Philips (Aachen) and consisted of Audi (Ingolstadt), Automotive Lighting (Reutlingen), Merck (Darmstadt) and the University of Cologne.  Together with the technical University of Darmstadt, Merck developed new cross-linkable red OLED materials.  The University of Cologne conducted intensive research on this manufacturing wet chemistry process and demonstrated it on 3D samples.  

The 3D OLEDs used in the rear light of the Audi TT were produced by Philips. For this purpose, the OLED manufacturing process, which was previously based on 2D glass substrates, had to be adapted to 3D.  This related not only to the processes and technologies for manufacturing the glass substrates themselves, but also to vacuum-based OLED coating, encapsulation and electrical contacts."


Source: Read the full article...
Philips: philips.com
Image: Philips    
Two Become One with the 3D NanoChemiscope, Unique Surface Analysis
From EMPA (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology), August 22, 2013:   
"The 3D NanoChemiscope is a miracle of state-of-the-art analysis technology. As a further development of well-known microscopic and mass spectroscopic methods, it maps the physical and chemical surfaces of materials down to the atomic level. This instrument, which is unique in the world, not only delivers high-definition images; it also knows what it is "seeing."  The 3D NanoChemiscope, which was developed at Empa, not only maps samples with nanometer precision, but for the first time can also provide precise information about which chemical elements are arranged where in a sample. This enables both mechanical properties, such as hardness, elasticity or friction, and chemical properties of surfaces to be determined simultaneously in three dimensions.

This analysis is made possible by the 3D NanoChemiscope, which combines two previously independent techniques. The scanning force microscope (SFM) scans the surface with an ultra-fine tip, while the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS) determines the material composition of the first surface mono-layer by "shooting" metallic ions at it. The project sponsored by the EU developed this new instrument in which SFM and ToF-SIMS are placed in an ultra-high vacuum chamber as near to each other as possible."

 

Source: read the full article 

EMPA: empa.ch 

Image: EMPA      

Hybrid Fabrication Makes Better Plasmonic Nanostructures For SERS
From Photonics Spectra, August 2013, by Wei-Chaun Shih (University of Houston):  
"Plasmonic nanostructures of gold and silver have emerged as attractive nanomaterials because of their small size, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and ability to bind to a wide range of thiolated molecular and biomolecular species through the metal-S bond. These nanostructures absorb and resonantly scatter visible and near-IR light upon excitation of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which can be tuned over a wide spectral range by changing intrinsic parameters such as material composition or particle size and shape.  
Nanoporous gold (NPG) features nanoscale ligaments and pores throughout its structural monolith. NPG has attracted much attention because of its extraordinarily large surface area, a tantalizing feature for applications such as catalysis, sensing and actuation. In addition, NPG maintains a high degree of structural integrity and uniformity - rare among chemically synthesized nanostructures. NPG films have shown great promise as large-surface-area electrodes.

Recognizing that the intrinsic LSPR peaks of NPG films exhibit limited tunability, researchers at the University of Houston have developed an approach to shift these peaks by shape engineering, or patterning, NPG films into discrete submicron or nanoscale disks. The team developed a hybrid fabrication process to produce submicron NPG disks (NPGDs).  To fabricate an NPGD, an alloy film is deposited on a silicon substrate by physical vapor deposition. A lithography step using polystyrene beads as masks is used to define the lateral geometry of individual disks, and is followed by free corrosion in nitric acid. This process enables fabrication of monolithic NPGD arrays with high uniformity, excellent shape control and decent yield.  

The NPGD's excellent SERS performance derives from its high-density internal "hot spots" around the gaps and junctions of the nanoporous network. The electric field near these hot spots can be enhanced to >40 times. NPGD represents a new type of plasmonic entity with "three dimensional" plasmonic enhancement."
 
 
Source: Read the full article...
Photonics Spectra: photonics.com
Image: Vanderbilt University/Rizia Bardhan
Upcoming Conferences of Interest to Vacuum Coaters
 
aimcal logo
AIMCAL Web Coating & Handling Conference

October 27-30, 2013
, Marriott Charleston, Sharleston, SC, USA
Website: http://www.aimcal.org/events/

 

 

 


avs 60


AVS 60th International Symposium
and Exhibition

October 27 - November 1, 2013, Long Beach Convention Center
Long Beach, CA, USA

Website:http://www2.avs.org/symposium/AVS60 

 

7th symposium 7th Symposium on Vacuum Based Science and Technology in conjunction with
the 12th Annual Meeting of the German Vacuum Society (DVG)

November 19-21, 2013

Kolobrzeg, POLAND
Website: http://itie.tu.koszalin.pl/svbst2013/
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